개방과 반부패 그리고 소득사이의 관계: 이중통계검사 = The Causal Relationships among Openness, Anti-Corruption, and Income: Statistical Double-Checkings

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

With the cross sectional data of 18 countries from the 2001 openness index, combined with the 2001 CPI we analyse multiple causal relationships among openness, anti-corruption, and income taken as endogenous. Given insufficient number of observations statistical double-checkings are performed to evaluate all the models in the sense that the more tests that are carried out, the less the chance of accepting a poor model. The empirical results are consistent with the proposition that there are multiple inter-relationships among openness, anti-corruption, and per capita real income; ceteris paribus, an increased level of one is associated with increased levels of the other two. For example, corruption may be reduced directly by the use of internet as well as exposure and punishment or indirectly through more openness and through higher income. It is also evident in cross country comparisons that each of openness and per capita real income is higher elastic with respect to anti-corruption(integrity) in Korea than in the other countries. In order to raise Korea's income, therefore, openness as well as anti-corruption policies should be strengthened.

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