도시광산 금속자원의 순환활용을 위한 바이오 습식제련 = Bio-hydrometallurgy for the Recycling of Metal Resources in Urban Mine: a Review

국문 초록 (Abstract)

저품위/난분해성 광물뿐만 아니라 도시광산으로부터 유용금속의 회수를 위한 유망기술의 하나로 바이오 습식제련이 떠오르고 있다. 세균, 균류(fungi) 그리고 고세균(archaea) 등의 미생물종들을 이용하여 도시광산으로부터 금속들을 추출하는 바이오 프로세싱의 응용은 전세계적으로 연구되고 있으며, 자원순환활용과 환경오염감소의 두 가지 목표를 만족하는 공정들이 개발되고 있다. 본 총설은 제련과 제조산업/화학과 석유화학 플랜트/전기도금 플랜트의 부산물, 전자폐기물/인쇄회로기판 그리고 폐전지 등과 같은 다양한 2차 자원의 바이오 프로세싱을 통한 금속 추출에 초점을 두고 있다. 최적조건에서 금속을 회수하기 위하여 미생물 배양을 통해 얻어진 변종을 사용하는 공정처리 방법론을 중점 서술하였으며 공정의 실용성뿐 아니라 메커니즘에 대해서도 논하였다. 대규모로 도시광산의 금속자원을 처리하는 바이오 습식제련기술이 없는 현황을 고려하여, 결론에서 적용 가능한 접근방법에 대하여 간략하게 언급하였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Bio-hydrometallurgy is emerging as one of the most promising technologies to recover valuable metals from the urban mine as well as low grade/refractory ores. The applications of bio-processing to extract metals from urban mine in presence of microbial species comprising of bacteria, fungi and archaea are increasingly being explored world over and processes are being developed to meet the twin objectives of resource recycling and pollution mitigation. This review focuses on the extraction of metal values through the bio-processing of various secondary resources: byproducts of metallurgical and manufacturing industries/chemical and petrochemical plants/ electroplating plants, electronic wastes/printed circuit boards (e-wastes/PCBs) and used batteries, etc. Emphasis is given on the processing methodologies using the strains of microbial cultures for the recovery of metals under optimum conditions while discussing the mechanism of the process as much as it is practicable. In view of the non-utilization of the bio-hydrometallurgical technology to treat the metal resources in the urban mine for large scale production, the possible approaches are briefly mentioned in the conclusion.

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