Electronic properties of materials

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• Preface to the Second Edition = Ⅴ
• Preface to the First Edition = ⅶ
• PART Ⅰ Fundamentals of Electron Theory = 1
• CHAPTER 1 Introduction = 3
• CHAPTER 2 The Wave-Particle Duality = 6
• Problems = 11
• CHAPTER 3 The Schr$$\ddot o$$dinger Equation = 13
• 3.1. The Time-Independent Schr$$\ddot o$$dinger Equation = 13
• 3.2. The Time-Dependent Schr$$\ddot o$$dinger Equation = 14
• 3.3. Special Properties of Vibrational Problems = 15
• Problems = 16
• CHAPTER 4 Solution of the Schr$$\ddot o$$dinger Equation for Four Specific Problems = 17
• 4.1. Free Electrons = 17
• 4.2. Electron in a Potential Well (Bound Electron) = 19
• 4.3. Finite Potential Barrier (Tunnel Effect) = 23
• 4.4. Electron in a Periodic Field of a Crystal (the Solid State) = 26
• Problems = 33
• CHAPTER 5 Energy Bands in Crystals = 35
• 5.1. One-Dimensional Zone Schemes = 35
• 5.2. One-and Two-Dimensional Brillouin Zones = 40
• 5.3. Three-Dimensional Brillouin Zones = 44
• 5.4. Wigner-Seitz Cells = 44
• 5.5. Translation Vectors and the Reciprocal Lattice = 44
• 5.6. Free Electron Bands = 50
• 5.7. Band Structures for Some Metals and Semiconductors = 53
• 5.8. Curves and Planes of Equal Energy = 57
• Problems
• CHAPTER 6 Electrons in a Crystal = 60
• 6.1. Fermi Energy and Fermi Surface = 60
• 6.2. Fermi Distribution Funotion = 61
• 6.3. Density of States = 62
• 6.4. Population Density = 64
• 6.5. Complete Density of States Function Within a Band = 65
• 6.6. Consequences of the Band Model = 66
• 6.7. Effective Mass = 67
• 6.8. Conclusion = 70
• Problems = 70
• Suggestions for Further Reading (Part Ⅰ) = 71
• PART Ⅱ Electrical Properties of Materials = 73
• CHAPTER 7 Electrical Conduction in Metals and Alloys = 75
• 7.1. Introduction = 75
• 7.2. Survey = 76
• 7.3. Conductivity-Classical Electron Theory = 78
• 7.4. Conductivity-Quantum Mechanical Considerations = 80
• 7.5. Experimental Results and Their Interpretation = 84
• 7.5.1. Pure Metals = 84
• 7.5.2. Alloys = 86
• 7.5.3. Ordering = 87
• 7.5.4. Thermoelectric Phenomena = 88
• 7.6. Superconductivity = 89
• 7.6.1. Experimental Results = 90
• 7.6.2. Theory = 93
• Problems = 96
• CHAPTER 8 Semiconductors = 98
• 8.1. Band Structure = 98
• 8.2. Intrinsic Semiconductors = 100
• 8.3. Extrinsic Semiconductors = 104
• 8.3.1. Donors and Acceptors = 104
• 8.3.2. Band Structure = 106
• 8.3.3. Temperatrue Dependence of the Number of Carriers = 106
• 8.3.4. Conductivity = 108
• 8.3.5. Fermi Energy = 109
• 8.4. Effective Mass = 109
• 8.5. Hall Effect = 110
• 8.6. Compound Semiconductors = 112
• 8.7. Semiconductor Devices = 113
• 8.7.1. Metal-Semiconductor Contacts = 113
• 8.7.2. Rectifying Contacts (Schottky Barrier Contacts) = 114
• 8.7.3. Ohmic Contacts (Metallizations) = 118
• 8.7.4. p-n Rectifier (Diode) = 119
• 8.7.5. Zener Diode = 121
• 8.7.6. Solar Cell (Photodiode) = 123
• 8.7.7. Avalanche Photodiode = 125
• 8.7.8. Tunnel Diode = 126
• 8.7.9. Transistors = 127
• 8.7.10. Quantum Semiconductor Devices = 136
• 8.7.11. Semiconductor Device Fabrication = 139
• 8.7.12. Digital Circuits and Memory Devices = 145
• Problems = 152
• CHAPTER 9 Electrical Conduction in Polymers, Ceramics, and Amorphous Materials = 155
• 9.1. Conducting Polymers and Organic Metals = 155
• 9.2. Ionic Conduction = 162
• 9.3. Conduction in Metal Oxides = 165
• 9.4. Amorphous Materials (Metallic Glasses) = 167
• 9.4.1. Xerography = 171
• Problems = 173
• Suggestions for Further Reading (Part Ⅱ) = 173
• PART Ⅲ Optical Properties of Materials = 175
• CHAPTER 10 The Optical Constants = 177
• 10.1. Introduction = 177
• 10.2. Index of Refraction, n = 178
• 10.3. Damping Constant, k = 178
• 10.4. Characteristic Penetration Depth, W, and Absorbance, α = 182
• 10.5. Reflectivity, R, and Transmissivity, T = 182
• 10.6. Hagen-Rubens Relation = 184
• Problems = 185
• CHAPTER 11 Atomistic Theory of the Optical Properties = 186
• 11.1. Survey = 186
• 11.2. Free Electrons Without Damping = 188
• 11.3. Free Electrons With Damping (Classical Free Electron Theory of Metals) = 191
• 11.4. Special Cases = 194
• 11.5. Reflectivity = 195
• 11.6. Bound Electrons (Classical Electron Theory of Dielectric Materials) = 196
• 11.7. Discussion of the Lorentz Equations for Special Cases = 199
• 11.7.1. High Frequencies = 199
• 11.7.2. Small Damping = 200
• 11.7.3. Absorption Near $$v_0$$ = 200
• 11.7.4. More Than One Oscillator = 200
• 11.8. Contributions of Free Electrons and Harmonic Oscillators to the Optical Constants = 201
• Problems = 202
• CHAPTER 12 Quantum Mechanical Treatment of the Optical Properties = 204
• 12.1. Introduction = 204
• 12.2. Absorption of Light by Interband and Intraband Transitions = 204
• 12.3. Optical Spectra of Materials = 208
• 12.4. Dispersion = 208
• Problems = 213
• CHAPTER 13 Applications = 214
• 13.1. Measurement of the Optical Properties = 214
• 13.1.1. Kramers-Kronig Analysis (Dispersion Relations) = 215
• 13.1.2. Spectroscopic Ellipsometry = 215
• 13.1.3. Differential Reflectometry = 218
• 13.2. Optical Spectra of Pure Metals = 220
• 13.2.1. Reflection Spectra = 220
• 13.2.2. Plasma Oscillations = 225
• 13.3. Optical Spectra of Alloys = 226
• 13.4. Ordering = 230
• 13.5. Corrosion = 232
• 13.6. Semiconductors = 232
• 13.7. Insulators (Dielectric Materials and Glass Fibers) = 237
• 13.8. Lasers = 239
• 13.8.1. Principles = 239
• 13.8.2. Helium-Neon Laser = 243
• 13.8.3. Carbon Dioxide Laser = 243
• 13.8.4. Semiconductor Laser = 243
• 13.8.5. Direct Versus Indirect Band-Gap Semiconductor Lasers = 246
• 13.8.6. Wavelength of Emitted Light = 247
• 13.8.7. Threshold Current Density = 248
• 13.8.8. Homojunction Versus Heterojunction Lasers = 249
• 13.8.9. Laser Modulation = 250
• 13.8.10. Laser Amplifier = 251
• 13.8.11. Quantum Well Lasers = 252
• 13.8.12. Light-Emitting Diode (LED) = 253
• 13.9. Integrated Optoelectronics = 254
• 13.9.1. Passive Waveguides = 254
• 13.9.2. Electro-Optical Waveguides (EOW) = 256
• 13.9.3. Optical Modulators and Switches = 257
• 13.9.4. Coupling and Device Integration = 258
• 13.9.5. Energy Losses = 260
• 13.10. Optical Storage Devices = 261
• 13.11. The Optical Computer = 263
• Problems = 266
• Suggestions for Further Reading (Part Ⅲ) = 267
• PART Ⅳ Magnetic Properties of Materials = 269
• CHAPTER 14 Foundations of Magnetism = 271
• 14.1. Introduction = 271
• 14.2. Basic Concepts in Magnetism = 272
• 14.3. Units = 274
• Problems = 275
• CHAPTER 15 Magnetic Phenomena and Their Interpretation - Classical Approach = 276
• 15.1. Overview = 276
• 15.1.1. Diamagnetism = 276
• 15.1.2. Paramagnetism = 278
• 15.1.3. Ferromagnetism = 281
• 15.1.4. Antiferromagnetism = 286
• 15.1.5. Ferrimagnetism = 288
• 15.2. Langevin Theory of Diamagnetism = 291
• 15.3. Langevin Theory of (Electron Orbit) Paramagnetism = 293
• 15.4. Molecular Field Theory = 297
• Problems = 299
• CHAPTER 16 Quantum Mechanical Considerations = 302
• 16.1. Paramagnetism and Diamagnetism = 302
• 16.2. Ferromagnetism and Antiferromagnetism = 307
• Problems = 311
• CHAPTER 17 Applications = 312
• 17.1. Introduction = 312
• 17.2. Electrical Steels (Soft Magnetic Materials) = 312
• 17.2.1. Core Losses = 313
• 17.2.2. Grain Orientation = 315
• 17.2.3. Composition of Core Materials = 317
• 17.2.4. Amorphous Ferromagnetics = 317
• 17.3. Permanent Magnets (Hard Magnetic Materials) = 318
• 17.4. Magnetic Recording = 321
• 17.5. Magnetic Memories = 323
• Problems = 325
• Suggestions for Further Reading (Part Ⅳ) = 325
• PART Ⅴ Thermal Properties of Materials = 327
• CHAPTER 18 Introduction = 329
• CHAPTER 19 Fundamentals of Thermal Properties = 332
• 19.1. Heat, Work, and Energy = 332
• 19.2. Heat Capacity, C' = 333
• 19.3. Specific Heat Capacity c = 334
• 19.4. Molar Heat Capacity, $$C_v$$ = 334
• 19.5. Thermal Conductivity, K = 336
• 19.6. The Ideal Gas Equation = 336
• 19.7. Kinetic Energy of Gases = 337
• Problems = 339
• CHAPTER 20 Heat Capacity = 340
• 20.1. Classical (Atomistic) Theory of Heat Capacity = 340
• 20.2. Quantum Mechanical Considerations - The Phonon = 342
• 20.2.1. Einstein Model = 342
• 20.2.2. Debye Model = 345
• 20.3. Electronic Contribution to the Heat Capacity = 346
• Problems = 350
• CHAPTER 21 Thermal Conduction = 351
• 21.1. Thermal Conduction in Metals and Alloys - Classical Approach = 351
• 21.2. Thermal Conduction in Metals and Alloys - Quantum Mechanical Considerations = 353
• 21.3. Thermal Conduction in Dielectric Materials = 354
• Problems = 356
• CHAPTER 22 Thermal Expansion = 358
• Problems = 360
• Suggestions for Further Reading (Part Ⅴ) = 360
• Appendices = 361
• App. 1. Periodic Disturbances = 363
• App. 2. Euler Equations = 367
• App. 3. Summary of Quantum Number Characteristics = 368
• App. 4. Tables = 370
• App. 5. About Solving Problems = 380
• Index = 387