환경오염 지표종인 집비둘기의 생체조직 내 중금속 분포 특성 = The Characteristics of Heavy Metal Distributions in the Tissues of Feral Pigeon (Columba livia) as a Bio-monitoring Indicator

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구에서는 환경오염 모니터링 지표종인 집비둘기(Columba livia)의 생체조직 내 중금속 축적 특성을 파악하기 위해 국가환경시료은행 자체 모니터링 지점(한강공원, 함평공원)에서 채집된 집비둘기 시료를 분석하고, 집비둘기를 포함한 국내외 조류 총 17종의 연구 자료를 검토하여 생체조직 내 중금속 분포특성을 고찰하였다. 유해 중금속인 카드뮴은 한강공원과 함평공원 모두에서 신장에 가장 높은 축적농도 비율을 보였고, 국내외 집비둘기 사례와 기타 사례 총 34개 중 31개에서도 조류종과 상관없이 거의 대부분 신장이 가장 높은 축적농도 비율을 나타냈다. 유해 중금속인 납은 한강공원과 함평공원 모두에서 뼈가 가장 높은 축적농도 비율을 나타냈으며, 기존 연구사례 총 30개 중 17개에서 뼈에 가장 높은 축적농도 비율을 보였고, 다음으로 신장(10개 사례), 간(3개 사례) 순으로 나타났다. 따라서 납의 주요 축적 조직은 뼈라고 볼 수 있다. 아연은 한강공원에서 간에 가장 높은 축적농도 비율을 보였고, 함평공원에서는 뼈에 가장 높은 비율을 보였다. 기존 연구사례 총 16개 중 13개에서는 뼈에 가장 높은 축적농도 비율을 보였고, 다음으로 간이 차지하였다. 본 연구에서는 이상의 결과 등을 중금속의 생화학적 축적특성(뼈 생성과정에서 납-칼슘의 경쟁관계, 중금속 흡착 단백질(메탈로치오네인)의 역할 등)과 관련하여 검토하였다. 이러한 검토결과는 향후 집비둘기의 오염물질 축적 모니터링 연구의 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In this study, heavy metal distributions in the tissues of feral pigeon (Columba livia) were characterized using samples collected from bio-monitoring sites (Hangang Park and Hampyeong Park) of the NESB (National Environmental Specimen Bank), Korea, in order to evaluate the feasibility of feral pigeons as an indicator for the environmental monitoring. Cadmium (Cd) was analyzed to be accumulated in kidneys at higher concentration than in the other tissues. Such trend can also be found in the reviews on the Cd accumulations of the 34 cases including 17 avian species which showed that 31 cases had the highest Cd concentrations in the kidney among tissues. However, lead (Pb) was found to be richest in the bones in this study. 17 cases out of 30 reviewed cases had the highest Pb concentration in bones, whereas other 10 cases showed the highest concentration in kidneys, and 3 cases in livers. Therefore, kidneys together with bones can be a main target organ to test cadmium exposure to different habitat environments depending on physiological traits of birds. Zinc (Zn) was found to be the highest concentration in the pigeon livers of Hangang Park, but not in the bones. In contrast, the 13 cases of 16 reviewed cases had the highest Zn concentration in bones, and the 3 cases in livers. In addition, the heavy metal distribution patterns in relations to the metal accumulation mechanisms (a competition between Pb and Ca, a function of methallothionein protein, and etc.) were discussed.

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