조선시대 농민적 세계관과 농촌사회의 운영원리 = The Peasant`s View of the World and the Principles of the Operation of the Agricultural Society in Chosun Dynasty

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This article explores the principles of the operation of the agricultural society, the consciousness of peasants, and the attitudes toward life in the pre-modern Korean society. In order to do so, I introduce theories on he 'moral economy' that has been a very popular theme in the fields of anthropology and economics in the West since the early 20th century. These theories deal with many classical concepts, such as 'the limited oods', 'the subsistence economy', 'the thought of safety first', 'the mechanism of equalization', 'the showing-off expenditure of the rich', 'the relationship between big man and followers', the attitudes toward diligence and saving, 'the integrated system of reciprocity-redisribution', and so on. I examine whether these theories can be applied to the pre-modern Korean society. I found that the principles of 'reciprocity-redisribution' had been working very well in the nineteenth-century Chosun cociety. It seems that the pre-modern Korea was highly integrated society, intervened by the rules of reciprocity and duty of subsistence, compared to any other pre-modern societies in the world. It appears that this tendency was much more strengthened by the neo-confucianism, functioned as the orthodox religion in Chosun Dynasty. But these pre-modern characteristics prevented the Korean society from moving toward the modernization that many developed and industrialized countries went through successfully in their own ways. Due to these social, and historical reasons, Korean society experienced severe mental, cocial, and economic chaos in the process of entering into a capitalist cociety. As a result of not dealing with these difficulties well, Korean cociety fell into the abyss of being colonized by the Japanese Imperialism.

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