대량살상무기(WMD) 제거작전의 국제법적 쟁점 - 생화학무기를 중심으로 -

국문 초록 (Abstract)

현재 북한은 상당량의 화학무기를 저장하고 있는 것으로 추정되며, 탄저균 · 천연두 · 페스트 등 다양한 종류의 생물무기를 자체적으로 배양하고 생산할 수 있는 능력까지 보유하고 있을 것으로 평가되고 있다. 이와 같이 북한의 대량살상무기(WMD)는 한반도의 미래를 결정짓는 가장 중요하고도 현실적인 위협에 해당하며, 이는 곧 WMD와 관련 시설이 한반도 유사시 군사작전을 통해 최우선적으로 제거되어야 할 장애물이라는 점을 시사하는 것이기도 하다. 이와 같은 이해에 기초하여 한 · 미 양국은 유사시 공동의 대응능력을 발전시키기 위해 정책적 협의를 강화해 왔으며, 각종 한미연합훈련을 통해 WMD 제거작전 역시 정례적으로 실시하여 왔다. 그러나 WMD 제거작전 체계와 수행절차와 관련하여 그에 수반되는 국제법적 쟁점에 대해서는 충분한 검토가 이루어지지 않은 상태에서 전투기술 등 교리발전이 진행되어 온 것이 현실이다.
이에 따라 본 논문에서는 WMD 제거작전의 수행을 위한 국제적 규범체계에 기초하여 주요 작전단계별로 문제될 수 있는 국제법적 쟁점들을 검토하였다. WMD 제거작전에 참여하는 민간전문인력은 국제법상 어떠한 법적 지위를 지니는지, 이들을 작전에 투입할 경우 법적 제한사항은 무엇인지, 반대로 작전간 현장에서 포획한 종사자들은 국제법상 어떠한 지위를 지니며 이들에 대한 심문은 어느 범위까지 정당화될 수 있는지, 이들은 제거작전시 어느 범위까지 활용할 수 있는 것인지, 생물 고위협 시설 탐색분석 작전간 백신미접종으로 면역체계를 획득하지 못한 비방호전투원에게 작전투입 명령을 하달할 수 있는지 등의 국제법적 쟁점들은 앞으로 WMD 제거작전의 체계를 발전시켜 나감에 있어 일정한 시사점을 제공할 수 있을 것이다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

It is estimated that North Korea currently stores a significant amount of chemical weapons, and they are also estimated to possess the ability to cultivate and produce various kinds of biological weapons such as anthrax, smallpox, and plague. Thus, North Korea"s weapons of mass destruction are the most important and realistic threat to the future of the Korean Peninsula, and this also suggests that WMD and related facilities are obstacles that should be removed first and foremost through military operations in the emergency event of the Korean peninsula. Based on this understanding, the Republic of Korea and the United States of America have strengthened policy consultation to develop common response capabilities in case of emergency, and WMD elimination operations have also been carried out regularly through various ROK-US alliance drills. However, it is a reality that doctrinal development, such as combat skills, has progressed in the absence of sufficient review of international legal issues related to the WMD elimination operation system and procedures.
Accordingly, this study reviewed international legal issues that could be problematic at major operational stages based on the international normative framework for the implementation of WMD removal operation. International legal issues such as what legal status the civilian professionals participating in the WMD elimination operation have under international law, what the legal restrictions are when putting them in operations, conversely, what status the workers captured in the field during the operation have under international law, to what extent the interrogations for them can be justified, to what extent they can be utilized in the removal operation, and whether it is possible to issue an operation order to an unprotected combatant who has not obtained an immune system through non-vaccination in search and analysis operation of high-level biological facilities, will be able to provide certain implications for the future development of the WMD elimination operation system.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론
• Ⅱ. WMD 제거작전을 위한 국제적 규범체계
• Ⅲ. 작전단계별 쟁점과 국제법적 검토
• Ⅳ. 결론 및 시사점
• 국문초록
• ABSTRACT

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