Purpose Lumbar Spinal Canal Stenosis (LSS) is a degenerative spinal disorder that induces neurogenic claudication, leading to severe gait dysfunction characterized by decreased velocity, shortened step length, and increased asymmetry. Since existing s...
Purpose Lumbar Spinal Canal Stenosis (LSS) is a degenerative spinal disorder that induces neurogenic claudication, leading to severe gait dysfunction characterized by decreased velocity, shortened step length, and increased asymmetry. Since existing surgical interventions and conventional physical therapies often show limitations in fully restoring functional physical performance, this study focused on the synergistic effects of a combined intervention. This approach utilized Functional Intramuscular Stimulation (FIMS) to modulate abnormal neuromuscular activity and nerve hypersensitivity, followed by a physical therapy approach to address structural alignment and strengthen deep muscles. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively investigate the immediate effects of this combined therapy on gait function in LSS patients using the high-precision Zebris FDM-T gait analysis system .
Method This retrospective, single-group, pre-post study analyzed the medical records of 102 patients diagnosed with LSS who were treated at Hospital A in Seoul from July 1 to November 1, 2025. The study was approved by the IRB (KW-2025-B-14). Assessments were conducted immediately before the FIMS procedure and immediately after the subsequent physical therapy session, which consisted of soft tissue release, joint mobilization, and trunk stabilization exercises. Outcome measures included pain intensity (VAS) and spatio-temporal gait parameters (velocity, symmetry, step length, stance phase) measured by the Zebris system. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, and Spearman’s correlation was used to assess the relationship between pain reduction and functional improvement.
Result The analysis of 102 subjects (mean age 71.03 years) revealed a significant reduction in pain, with VAS scores dropping from 8.25 to 5.88 (p<.001). Key objective gait indicators showed marked improvement: gait velocity increased from 1.33 km/h to 1.46 km/h (p=.001), and both step length and stride length significantly increased. Additionally, stance phase and double stance phase ratios significantly decreased, reflecting enhanced dynamic stability. However, lateral symmetry and step time showed no significant changes post-intervention. Notably, there was no statistical correlation found between the amount of pain reduction and the improvement in gait parameters (p>.05).
Discussion The findings suggest that the combined intervention offers a synergistic benefit: FIMS stabilizes the 'neural control' system by normalizing radiculopathy-induced muscle dysfunction, while physical therapy optimizes the 'active/passive' spinal systems. The persistence of asymmetry suggests that compensatory gait patterns ingrained over time are difficult to correct in a single session. Crucially, the discrepancy between subjective pain relief and objective functional gain underscores the limitation of relying solely on subjective patient reports in clinical settings.
Conclusion This study objectively demonstrated that combined FIMS and physical therapy is an effective non-surgical strategy for immediate pain relief and qualitative gait improvement (speed, efficiency, stability) in LSS patients. The results highlight the clinical necessity of integrating objective quantitative assessments, such as the Zebris system, alongside subjective scales like VAS. Future research should employ randomized controlled trials to address limitations regarding the lack of a control group and long-term follow-up