일본에서의 기획여행계약 = Package tour contracts in Japan

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Package tour means “a tour organized by a travel company in which you visit several different places and for which you pay a fixed price that includes the cost of the hotel and travel, and sometimes food”.
A package tour, package vacation, or package holiday comprises transport and accommodation advertised and sold together by a vendor known as a tour operator. Other services may be provided such a rental car, activities or outings during the holiday. Transport can be via charter airline to a foreign country, and may also include travel between areas as part of the holiday. Package holidays are a form of product bundling.
Package tour is organised by a tour operator and sold to a consumer by a travel agent. Some travel agents are employees of tour operators, others are independent.
A Japan’s Travel Agency Act aims to maintain fairness in travel business-related transactions, ensure safe travel and improve traveler convenience. It seeks to achieve these goals by establishing a registration system for all travel agencies to ensure proper practices and promote proper activities by the association that these agencies comprise.
Regulation in travel industries such as Travel Agency Law and Standard Terms Conditions of Travel Contracts protect consumer rights in Japan. These regulations, however, can be too rigid as safety and confidence are reinforced more, resulting in the reduced sense of fun in travelling. Moreover the regulations are effective only in Japan. If enterprises outside Japan take part in the Japanese market via information technology, Japanese Travel businesses could loss its competitiveness. This is one of the trade-offs of these rigid regulations.
This paper describes the legal nature of Package tour contracts. Package tour contracts should not be interpreted as sales contracts, but execute contracts.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

일본에서 여행계약은 여행업법에 규정은 있지만, 그 법적성질 또는 여행서비스의 하자에 기하여 여행자에게 생긴 손해에 관한 여행업자의 계약책임에 대해서는 직접규정을 두고있지 않다. 민법전과 상법전 등에도 존재하지 않는 계약유형이다.
기획여행계약의 법적성질을 결정하는 것에 의해, 여행업자의 당해계약에 관한 채무의 내용 및 그 범위가 명확하게 된다. 따라서, 법적성질론을 결정하는 것은 기획여행계약의 법해석에 있어서 중요하게 된다.
기획여행계약에 규정되는 채무에는 여정의 관리나 기타 여행업자가 제공하는 서비스라는 무형의 것도 되고, 기획된 여행의 모든 역무를 제공한다고 하는 일을 완성하는 점, 여행자가 담보책임을 추궁하기 쉽게되는 점, 역무제공계약의 신설을 추구한 민법 개정의 흐름에서 보면, 기획여행계약은 매매계약에 준하는 것이 아니고 청부계약에 준하는 것으로 해석한다고 보아야 할 것이다.

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