결혼이주여성의 한국어 능력 영향 요인에 대한 연구

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 결혼이주여성의 한국어 습득 과정을 탐구하기 위해 이민자의 이주국가 언어습득에서의 노출, 효과성, 경제적 동기, 출신국가의 차이를 기반으로 한국어 능력에 영향을 주는 요인에 대한 분석을 실시했다. 이차자료를 활용한 분석으로 2012년 다문화실태자료를 바탕으로 12,531명의 결혼이주여성을 선별하여 한국어 실력 향상에 영향을 주는 요인에 대한 회귀분석을 실시했고, 처리효과모형을 통하여 내생성을 고려한 한국어교육 서비스의 효과성에 대하여 분석을 실시하였다. 가족과의 의사소통 시 결혼이주여성의 모국어 사용을 억제할수록, 아동수가 많을수록, 한국인 친구가 많을수록, 지역사회 주민과의 모임에 참여할수록, 본국 출신 이민자와의 모임에 참여하지 않았을 경우, 서울, 경기도 이외의 지역에 거주 할 때, 교육수준이 높을수록, 취업한 경우 한국어 실력은 향상되었다. 또한, 연령은 ‘U’자 형의 관계, 거주기간은 ‘∩’자 형의 관계가 있었고, 한국어교육 서비스는 비효과적이었다. 마지막으로 출신국가나 민족에 따라 한국어 실력은 차이가 있었다. 이러한 결과에 의하면 한국어 습득과 관련된 적응문제는 한국어 실력향상에 영향을 주는 요인을 강조할 때 감소할 수 있으며, 더 나아가 한국어실력 향상을 통해 통합의 가능성이 증가될 것이다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

We explored the process of Korean language proficiency among immigrant wives in Korea. To do so, based on the domains of exposure, efficiency, economic incentives and ethnic inequality in the destination-language proficiency, we examined possible factors influencing Korean language skills. We performed ordinary least square regression and endogenous-treatment effect model analyses, using data from the 2012 National Survey of Multi-cultural Families. The results of the analyses were as follow. Being employed, the number of children, the number of Korean friends, participation in the local gathering and being educated were a positive factor while participation in the Korean language class, the use of the Korean language with family members, participation in the meeting of friends sharing same ethnic backgrounds and living in Seoul or Gyounggi-do were a negative factor influencing Korean language skills. Additionally, years since migration had a ∩-shaped relationship whereas age had a U-shaped relationship with Korean language proficiency. Finally, there were different Korean language skills by country of origin. From the results, we believed that adjustment-related problems from Korean language barriers could be reduced, via the emphasis of predictors on Korean language proficiency. And then, a possibility immigrant wives become integrated into Korea could be greater.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Abstract
• Ⅰ. 서론
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경
• Ⅲ. 연구방법
• Ⅳ. 연구결과 및 해석
• Ⅴ. 결론 및 제언
• Work Cited
• 국문초록

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 박은하, "한국어 학습자의 언어 사용 양상" 국제한국언어문화학회 10 (10): 99-121, 2013

2 이동철, "중국 조선족의 언어사용 실태에 대한 고찰과 전망: 연변조선족자치주를 중심으로" 언어정보연구소 (14) : 137-150, 2012

3 조태린, "재외 동포에게 한국어가 갖는 의미 - 재외 동포 한국어 교육의 방향 정립을 위하여 -" 국제한국어교육학회 21 (21): 193-218, 2010

4 홍종명, "요인분석을 통한 한국어 학습전략 범주화 연구 - 결혼이민자 한국어 학습자를 중심으로" 한국국어교육학회 (92) : 557-584, 2012

5 양숙자, "여성결혼이민자의 한국어읽기능력과 관련 요인" 한국자료분석학회 15 (15): 2619-2632, 2013

6 유해준, "여성결혼이민자를 위한 한국어 교재 구성 방안" 문화콘텐츠기술연구원 (10) : 29-48, 2011

7 최권진, "여성결혼이민자 대상 한국어 교육의 현황 및 발전 방향- 다문화가정지원센터에서의 한국어 교재와쓰기 교육을 중심으로 -" 국제한국언어문화학회 11 (11): 247-269, 2014

8 남인숙, "도시와 농촌 거주 결혼이주여성의 스트레스, 사회적 지지 및 결혼만족도 비교" 여성건강간호학회 17 (17): 99-108, 2011

9 성상환, "도서지역 결혼이주여성의 언어문화 실태 조사 연구" 교육연구소 17 (17): 227-249, 2011

10 최권진, "다문화가정 자녀 대상 한국어 교육의 현황과 교재 분석" 동악어문학회 (54) : 431-462, 2010

11 김순규, "국제결혼 이주여성의 한국어 능력과 사회적 지지가 한국생활 적응에 미치는 영향" 한국가족복지학회 15 (15): 5-20, 2010

12 김안나, "결혼이주여성의 서비스 이용에 관한 영향요인 연구" 한국보건사회연구원 32 (32): 295-334, 2012

13 김미숙, "결혼이주여성의 보유자원이 가족관계와 삶의 만족에 미치는 영향 연구" 한국가족학회 24 (24): 64-100, 2012

14 안준희, "결혼이주여성의 문화적응 스트레스의 영향요인 분석 - 충청남도지역을 중심으로 -" 한국가족사회복지학회 (32) : 137-176, 2011

15 서지은, "결혼이주여성의 가족상담서비스 이용결정 요인 분석" 사회과학연구소 28 (28): 23-43, 2012

16 김경령, "결혼이민자의 거주 기간별, 언어권별에 따른 한국어 능력 - 10개국 출신의 전국 거주자를 대상으로 -" 언어연구교육원 한국어학당 38 : 1-27, 2013

17 이주재, "결혼이민 여성의 사회복지서비스 이용에 영향을 미치는 요인" 한국가족사회복지학회 (30) : 299-322, 2010

18 Lim, D-J., "The realities of Korean language education for married female immigrants and recommendations for reform" The Korean Institute of Public Administration 2011

19 Lee, YH, "The present state and challenges of Korean language education for multi-cultural families" 5 : 91-132, 2011

20 Carliner, G., "The language ability of U.S. immigrants: Assimilation and cohort effects" 34 (34): 158-182, 2000

21 Cnaan, R. A., "The handbook of social work research methods" SAGE Publications, Inc 205-220, 2010

22 Hwang, S-S., "Structural and individual covariates of English language proficiency" 86 (86): 1079-1104, 2008

23 Chiswick, B. R., "Speaking, reading, and earnings among low-skilled immigrants" 9 : 149-170, 1991

24 Dustmann, C., "Speaking fluency, writing fluency and earnings of migrants" 7 (7): 133-156, 1994

25 Grenier, G., "Shifts to English as usual language by Americans of Spanish mother tongue" 65 (65): 537-550, 1984

26 Kim, S-K., "Research on the actual condition of multicultural families throughout Korea: Study on the national survey of multicultural families 2012" Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs 2010

27 Guo, S., "Propensity score analysis: Statistical methods and applications (Vol. 11)" Sage Publications 2010

28 Chiswick, B. R., "Parents and children talk: English language proficiency within immigrant families" 3 (3): 243-268, 2005

29 Sosin, M. R., "Outcomes and sample selection: The case of a homelessness and substance abuse intervention" 55 (55): 63-91, 2002

30 Chiswick, B. R., "Linguistic distance: A quantitative measure of the distance between English and other languages" 26 (26): 1-11, 2005

31 Dustmann, C., "Language proficiency and labour market performance of immigrants in the UK" 113 (113): 695-717, 2003

32 Mesch, G. S., "Language proficiency among new immigrants: The role of human capital and societal conditions: The case of immigrants from the FSU in Israel" 46 (46): 41-58, 2003

33 Remennick, L., "Language acquisition, ethnicity and social integration among former Soviet immigrants of the 1990s in Israel" 27 (27): 431-454, 2004

34 Choi, Y-G., "Korean language education policy and agenda" 22 : 551-583, 2013

35 "Korean Statistical Information Service"

36 "Korean Net"

37 Korean Immigration Service, Ministry of Justice, "Korean Immigration Service Statistics 2012" Korean Immigration Service, Ministry of Justice 2013

38 Chiswick, B. R., "Immigrants' language skills: The Australian experience in a longitudinal survey" 38 (38): 611-654, 2004

39 Chiswick, B. R., "Immigrant earnings: Language skills, linguistic concentration and the business cycle" 15 (15): 31-57, 2002

40 Portes, A., "Immigrant America: A portrait" University of California Press 2006

41 Ferrer-i-Carbonell, A., "How important is methodology for the estimates of the determinants of happiness?" 114 (114): 641-659, 2004

42 Chiswick, B. R., "Hebrew language usage: Determinants and effects on earnings among immigrants in Israel" 11 (11): 253-271, 1998

43 Stier, H., "Family, work and women: The labor supply of hispanic immigrant wives" 26 (26): 1291-1313, 1992

44 Chiswick, B. R., "Family matters: The role of the family in immigrants' destination language acquisition" 18 (18): 631-647, 2005

45 김혜미, "Factors associated with service utilization behavior among foreign spouses of multicultural families" 한국사회복지연구회 44 (44): 57-94, 2013

46 Hwang, M-C., "Exploring marriage migrants’ citizenship acquisition in South Korea" 24 (24): 376-402, 2015

47 Sung, M., "Ethnic variations in factors contributing to the life satisfaction of migrant wives in South Korea" 62 (62): 226-240, 2013

48 Chiswick, B. R., "Ethnic networks and language proficiency among immigrants" 9 (9): 19-35, 1996

49 Kossoudji, S. A., "English language ability and the labor market opportunities of Hispanic and East Asian immigrant men" 6 (6): 205-228, 1988

50 Chiswick, B. R., "Educational attainment: Analysis by immigrant generation" 23 (23): 361-379, 2004

51 Martinovic, B., "Dynamics of interethnic contact: A panel study of immigrants in the Netherlands" 25 (25): 303-318, 2009

52 Chiswick, B. R., "Do enclaves matter in immigrant adjustment?" 4 (4): 5-35, 2005

53 Field, A., "Discovering statistics using SPSS: and sex, drugs and rock ‘n’ roll" Sage Publications 2005

54 van Tubergen, Frank, "Determinants of second language proficiency among refugees in the Netherlands" 89 (89): 515-534, 2010

55 조정인, "Determinants of Satisfaction with Life among Foreign Wives in Kyunggido" 다문화통합연구소 1 (1): 101-123, 2010

56 Espinosa, K. E., "Determinants of English proficiency among Mexican migrants to the United States" 31 (31): 28-50, 1997

57 van Tubergen, F., "Destination‐language proficiency in crossnational perspective: A study of immigrant groups in nine western countries" 110 (110): 1412-1457, 2005

58 Espenshade, T. J., "An analysis of English-language proficiency among U.S. immigrants" 62 (62): 288-305, 1997

59 Song, G-C., "A study on the plan of the Korean language education support for the multicultural family children" 8 (8): 53-76, 2013

60 Jeon, K-T., "A study on the national survey of multicultural families 2012" Ministry of Gender Equality and Family 2013

61 Choi, S., "A study on strengthening the role of local governments in implementing multicultural family supporting programs" Ministry of Gender Equality and Family 2014

62 Eo, S., "A study on Korean language teaching method through cooperative learning for multi-cultural family - Focusing on international marriage migrant women and their children" 5 : 133-174, 2011

63 Korean institute for Healthy Family, "A report for outcomes of Multi-cultural Family Support Service Ⅱ in 2014: Visiting education for multi-cultural families" Korean institute for Healthy Family 2015

64 Korean institute for Healthy Family, "A report for outcomes of Multi-cultural Family Support Service Ⅰ in 2014: Programs of Multi-cultural Family Support Centers" Korean institute for Healthy Family 2015

65 Berry, J. W., "A psychology of immigration" 57 (57): 615-631, 2001

66 Chung, H-S., "A plan for improvement of efficiency of Korean language education" Ministry of Gender Equality and Family 2012

67 Chiswick, B. R., "A model of destination-language acquisition: Application to male immigrants in Canada" 38 (38): 391-409, 2001

68 Ministry of Gender Equality and Family, "A guidebook of Multi-cultural Family Support Service in 2015" Ministry of Gender Equality and Family 2015