온실가루이 병원성 곰팡이의 특성 및 살충제 개발을 위한 평가 = Characterization of Entomopathogenic Fungus from Trialeurodes vaporariorum and Evaluation as Insecticide

국문 초록 (Abstract)

온실가루이(Trialeurodes vaporariorum)는 온실에서의 경제적 주요 해충으로, 직접적으로는 작물을 흡즙 가해하여 영양분고갈로 작물을 고사시키고 간접적으로는 많은 식물바이러스를 매개한다. 이러한 온실가루이를 방제하기 위해 최근에 다양한 합성 농약을 사용하고 있지만, 농약의 오남용으로 인해 온실가루이 개체의 저항성이 높아지고 환경오염을 초래하는 문제가 있다. 그리하여 본 연구에서는 이러한 문제를 극복하고자 온실가루이 사충으로부터 분리된 곤충병원성 곰팡이의 생물학적 특성과 살충성을 조사하였다. 분리된 곤충병원성 곰팡이는 형태학적 조사와 ITS, ${\beta}$-tubulin, EF1-${\alpha}$ 영역의 염기서열을 이용한 분자생물학적 동정을 통하여 Isaria fumosorosea로 동정하였고, I. fumosorosea SDTv로 명명하였다. 그리고 I. fumosorosea SDTv의 온실가루이 약충에 대한 살충력과 포자의 고온, UV-B 안정성, 저온발아력에 대하여 조사 하였다. 살충력 검정은 실험실 조건에서 온실가루이 약충에 대하여 다양한 포자 농도($1{\times}10^5$ - $10^8$ conidia/ml)로 접종한 결과, 7일차에서 84-100%의 살충력을 보였으며 포자 농도가 증가할수록 살충력도 증가하는 양상을 나타내었다. 분리 균주의 포자는 $35^{\circ}C$에서 그리고 0.1 $J/cm^2$ UV-B 조사에 대하여 비교적 안정적이었으며, $4^{\circ}C$ 조건에서 8일차부터 발아하였다. 또한, I. fumosorosea SDTv의 배지에 따른 chitinases와 proteases의 생산 활성을 비교한 결과 배지에 따라 다른 효소 생산 양상을 보였다. 이상의 결과로 온실가루이에 대하여 높은 살충력을 보인 I. fumosorosea SDTv는 온실가루이에 대한 종합적 해충 방제 방법에 있어 효과적인 방제수단의 일환이 될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, is an economically important pest for greenhouse crops because they cause direct damage by feeding on plant nutrients and indirect damage as transmits many virus vectors. It has recently become a serious problem because of the continuous use of insecticide resulting in resistance among greenhouse whitefly population. To overcome these problems, in this study, the biological characteristics and virulence of an entomopathogenic fungus isolated from the cadaver of nymph greenhouse whitefly were investigated. Isolated fungus was identified as Isaria fumosorosea by morphological examinations and genetic identification using sequences of the ITS, ${\beta}$-tubulin, and EF1-${\alpha}$ regions. This fungus was named as I. fumosorosea SDTv and tested for the virulence against nymphs T. vaporariorum and the cold activity, the thermotolerance and the stability of UV-B irradiation on conidia. Mortality rate of greenhouse whitefly showed from 84 to 100% and the virulence increased with increasing conidial concentrations, $1{\times}10^5$ to $10^8$ conidia/ml. Conidia were stable at $35^{\circ}C$, 0.1 $J/cm^2$ of UV irradiation and germinated after 8 days at $4^{\circ}C$. Additionally, the activities of chitinases and proteases produced by I. fumosorosea SDTv were varied according to the medium. In conclusion, I. fumosorosea SDTv which showed high mortality rate against greenhouse whitefly will be used effectively in the integrated pest management programs against the greenhouse whitefly.

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