The social processes of aging and old age

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• PREFACE = ⅶ
• 1 THE EMERGENCE OF AGING : AN IMPORTANT AREA OF STUDY = 1
• Introduction = 1
• What makes aging an important issue? = 2
• Changing characteristics of old age = 4
• The development of gerontology as a scientific discipline and a research area = 6
• The growing importance of cross-cultural comparisons = 14
• Contrasting approaches to the study of aging = 15
• Conclusion = 16
• References = 17
• 2 CHANGING DEMOGRAPHICS OF AGING = 20
• Introduction = 20
• Demographic Transition and the population control movement = 22
• Trends and distributions of aged populations = 26
• Significance of demographic trends in aging = 39
• Conclusion = 42
• References = 42
• 3 PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF AGING = 45
• Introduction = 45
• Aging and disease = 46
• Aging : decline or development = 51
• Compressed aging = 54
• Conclusion = 55
• References = 57
• 4 A SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY OF AGING = 60
• Introduction = 60
• Changing perceptions of self with age = 61
• Role transitions with age = 73
• Conclusion = 75
• References = 76
• 5 THE EMERGENCE OF SOCIAL THEORIES OF OLD AGE = 79
• Introduction = 79
• The generation of theories in social gerontology = 80
• Theories on disengagement and other losses = 82
• Theories of the loss of social status = 97
• A conflict theory perspective = 105
• A symbolic interactionist theory = 107
• Conclusion = 108
• References = 109
• 6 THE AGING IN CHANGING LIVING SITUATIONS = 113
• Introduction = 113
• Extended family households = 114
• Extended family interdependency = 117
• Independent living = 119
• Peer-group interdependency = 121
• Dependent living = 126
• Conclusion = 128
• References = 128
• 7 THE ELDERLY IN THE FAMILY = 131
• Introduction = 131
• The Changing Family = 132
• Marital roles and relationships = 137
• Extended family roles and relationships = 141
• Elder abuse as a family problem = 150
• Conclusion = 151
• References = 152
• 8 PATTERNS OF PARTICIPATION OF THE AGED IN THE COMMUNITY = 158
• Introduction = 158
• Personal enhancement groups and relationships = 160
• Community action groups and efforts = 167
• The aged as students = 170
• The aged as victims = 171
• Intergenerational relationships in the Community = 172
• Conclusion = 174
• References = 174
• 9 POLITICS AND THE EMERGENCE OF POLICIES ON AGING = 178
• Introduction = 178
• Defining old age as a social problem = 179
• The development of the need for advocacy for the aged = 185
• The formation of age-related policies = 194
• Conclusion = 197
• References = 200
• 10 THE EXTENT OF ECONOMIC DEPENDENCY AMONG THE AGED = 204
• Introduction = 204
• Economics and the economic system = 204
• Development of financial support for the aged in the United States = 207
• Retirement benefits through Social Security = 209
• Retirement benefits through pension programs = 215
• Changing economic conditions of the elderly in America = 218
• Changing relationships between the economy and the elderly = 220
• Economics of aging in other cultures = 222
• Conclusion = 226
• References = 227
• 11 RETIREMENT AS A SOCIAL INSTITUTIONAL AND A PROCESS = 230
• Introduction = 230
• Changing concepts of work affecting the aged = 231
• The emergence of retirement policies and systems = 235
• Subjective meaning and attitudes about retirement = 237
• Social roles in retirement = 246
• Conclusion = 252
• References = 253
• 12 HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE FOR THE AGED = 257
• Introduction = 257
• Changes in the health problems of the aged = 258
• Alzheimer's and other dementia diseases as a special health problem of the aged = 260
• Mental disorders among the aged = 264
• Development of health care systems = 268
• Present conditions of health and health care for the aged = 272
• Health and health care in other cultures = 278
• Trends in health care for the aged = 282
• Conclusion = 286
• References = 287
• 13 THE DEVELOPMENT AND PROVISION OF LONG-TERM CARE FOR THE AGED = 290
• Introduction = 290
• The increasing need for long-term care for the elderly = 291
• The Institutionalization of long-term care = 295
• Long-term care at home = 299
• Long-term care in other cultures = 307
• Conclusion = 311
• References = 312
• 14 SOCIAL SERVICE PROVISION IN THE AGING NETWORK = 315
• Introduction = 315
• Processes in defining the aged as socially dependent = 316
• Development of service-providing networks = 319
• Influences of the ageing network on the aged = 321
• Cross-cultural comparisons in service provision = 325
• Potential future trends in social-service provision = 330
• Conclusion = 334
• References = 334
• 15 RELIGION AS A VITAL ASPECT OF AGING = 337
• Introduction = 337
• Religious and scientific definitions of aging compared = 339
• Revisiting the concept of wisdom as related to aging = 343
• Present-day ministries for the aged = 349
• Roles in religious life for the aged = 351
• Conclusion = 354
• References = 355
• 16 DYING AND DEATH AS EXPERIENCES OF THE AGED = 359
• Introduction = 359
• Death as a common experience of the past = 360
• Dying as an old-age experience = 361
• Older people and death by suicide = 363
• Professionalizing and institutionalizing death and dying = 365
• Relationships of public with death and dying = 368
• Experiences of dying among the aged = 369
• Hospice movement and the right to die = 373
• Bereavement, mourning, and grief = 376
• Conclusion = 381
• References = 383
• 17 POSSIBLE FUTURE TRENDS IN AGING = 386
• Introduction = 386
• Past trends in aging and old age = 387
• Present conditions of aging and old age = 389
• Cross-cultural influences = 391
• Implications for the future = 392
• INDEX = 397