세계화, 언어, 사회과학 연구의 경쟁과 협력 = Globalization, Language and the Social Sciences: Competition and Cooperation across National Borders

국문 초록 (Abstract)

세계화는 정치경제뿐만 아니라 국가의 문화와 개인의 행동에 이르기까지 광범위하게 영향을 주고 있다. 본 논문은 세계화가 사회과학 연구에 미치는 영향을 인간의 경쟁과 협력이라는 시각에서 접근해 보았다. 자연과학과 달리 사회과학에서는 미국인 저자의 비중이 지난 사반세기 동안 80% 이상 90% 가까이 유지되고 있는 것을 발견할 수 있었다. 동시에 변화의 흐름도 볼 수 있었다. 더 다양한 국가의 저자들이 논문을 발표하고 있고, 미국인 저자만으로 구성된 논문의 비중이 줄어들고 있다는 점은 사회과학 연구에 있어서 세계화가 진행이 되고 있다는 것을 시사한다. 그러나 외국인 학자들이 미국의 최고저널에서 발표를 하려면 미국인 공저자가 필요하다는 점에서 미국의 사회과학 학계에서의 영향력은 유지되고 있다고 볼 수 있다. 25년 전과 비교했을 때 미국 다음의 영향력을 발휘하는 국가가 캐나다에서 영국으로 바뀐 것이 흥미롭다고 할 수 있다. 미국 이외의 국가를 상대로 분석을 했을 때 영어가 공용어이거나 토플점수로 조사한 영어구사력이 높을수록 경제학 및 사회과학 논문에 숫자가 많다는 것이 유의하다는 사실을 발견하였다. 학술에 있어서 영어의 위력을 다시 보여 주는 계기가 되었다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Globalization has changed not only the political and economic environments but also the culture and people`s behavior. The authors attempt to understand the competition of the scholars and increasing cooperation via co-authorship across national borders. Based on the "Web of Science", this paper has made a database of author`s nationality distribution in economics and other social sciences from 1976 to 2005. Unlike the trend of natural sciences, American authors` contribution is almost 90% of the total papers in American Economic Review or American Political Science review. However, globalization has made more foreign presence in the academia with more foreign scholars and more co-authorship crossing the national borders. It is an interesting observation that England is the second to USA in academic production in social sciences replacing Canada 25 years ago. A simple regression shows that English is an important factor explaining the academic productivity in the social sciences.

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