《邑誌》로 본 朝鮮時代 官妓運用의 實狀 = The Management of the Kwanki System during Chosŏn as Viewed Through the 《Ŭpji》

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Kiny? (妓女, female entertainers) were registered in the national labor system as kongch'?n (公賤, official slaves). Their labor, such as providing entertainment for foreign envoys, local governors, and military officials was considered to be a part of the management of the state. With this in mind, this study used the 〈?pji (邑誌)〉 published by the government during the latter period of Choson in order to analyze the role of kiny? in the management of the state.
The Kiny?, who were official slaves that possessed special talents, could be divided into the ky?ngki (京妓) for the central government and kwanki (官妓) for local governments. The kwanki were also referred to as chut´ang (酒湯), while government slaves were known as suk?pbi (水汲婢) or k?psubi (汲水婢). In certain provinces, the suk?pbi also played the role of kisaeng. As such, there was no clear separation between kwanki (government entertainers) and kwanbi (government slaves), or of their duties. In this regards, there were many instances in which government slaves were enlisted in the kyobang (敎坊), the educational institute for kisaeng, or conversely, kisaeng resided in places usually reserved for government slaves.
A look at the 〈?pji (邑誌)〉 complied in 1871-1872 (please refer to 〈Table 1〉) reveals that 10-180 kisaeng were dispatched to each kamyong (provincial capital), 4-44 to each bu (prefecture), 13-15 to each mok (district), 6-27 in each kun (county), and 1-13 in each hyon (village). As such, although some regional variations did emerge, the conclusion can be reached that the number of kisaeng to be dispatched was based on the size of the administrative unit. As such, the kamy?ng attracted the largest number of kisaeng in a particular province. Moreover, within each kamy?ng, one could find the kwanki employed by the local government, and the y?ngki who worked exclusively for the kamyong. The yongki could again be divided into those kisaeng who belonged to the local government, and those who had been selected from towns within the province.
The kyobangs, educational institutes where the kiny? were taught entertainment skills, were set up near the kaeksa or nuj?ng (guest quarters) in order to ensure that the kisaeng effectively entertained foreign envoys and guests. The government granted the kyobang special land known as kidap (妓畓), which the latter could use to secure the funds needed to manage their operations. In the case of the P´y?ngyang kamy?ng (平壤監營) and Jellabu chwasuy?ng (全羅府左水營), where a large number of kisaeng were dispatched, additional offices known as kisaengchong or kisaengbang were established to complement the activities of the kyobang.
Under the national labor system (bongjok (奉足)), the kiny? were paid in bop´o (保布), which were doled out to help cover the expenses they incurred to carry out their duties. Local governments also paid the kwanki a certain amount of money or grain. Moreover, the kiny? were provided with economic benefits such as the commodities they needed on a seasonal or quarterly basis. When a kwanki passed away or her parents died, she received money and goods as a means of expressing the state's condolences.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 머리말
• Ⅱ. 조선시대의 妓女制度
• Ⅲ. 各邑의 置妓 현황
• Ⅳ. 敎坊의 운영과 특징
• Ⅴ. 官妓의 경제적 처우
• Ⅵ. 맺음말
• 〈ABSTRACT〉