Handbook of water quality management planning

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• List of Contributors = ⅶ
• Preface = xi
• 1 DEVELOPMENT OF WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLANNING IN THE UNITED STATES / George Noble ; Edward L. Finley = 1
• 1－1 THE DAWNING OF ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS = 1
• 1－2 EARLY LEGISLATIVE ATTEMPTS = 3
• 1－2.1 The Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899 = 3
• 1－2.2 The Oil Pollution Act of 1924 = 5
• 1－2.3 The Water Pollution Control Act of 1948（P.L. 845） = 5
• 1－2.4 The Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1956（P.L. 660） = 6
• 1－2.5 The Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1961（P.L. 87－88） = 7
• 1－2.6 The Water Quality Act of 1965（P.L. 89－234） = 8
• 1－2.7 The Clean Waters Restoration Act of 1966（P.L. 89－753） = 8
• 1－3 THE FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1972（P.L. 92－500） = 9
• 1－4 THE HIERARCHY OF WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLANNING = 12
• 1－4.1 The Basin Plan（Section 303e） = 13
• 1－4.2 Areawide Planning（Section 208） = 13
• 1－4.3 Facilities Planning（Section 201） = 13
• 1－4.4 River Basin Planning Strategy（Section 209） = 13
• 1－5 THE RIVER BASIN PLANNING PROCESS = 14
• 1－5.1 Specific Objectives of the Basin Plan = 15
• 1－5.2 Major Activities Conducted to Prepare the Basin Plan = 16
• 1 －5.3 Content of the Basin Plan = 20
• 1－5.4 Approaches to Implementing the Basin Planning Process = 22
• 1－6 THE 208 PLANNING PROCESS = 27
• 1－6.1 Specific Objectives of 208 Planning = 28
• 1－6.2 Major Activities Conducted to Prepare the 208 Plan = 29
• 1－6.3 Content of the 208 Plan = 37
• 1－6.4 Approaches to Conducting the 208 Planning Process = 38
• 1－7 THE 201 FACILITY PLAN = 39
• 1－7.1 Initiating the 201 Planning Process = 40
• 1－7.2 Preparing the Background for the 201 Plan = 40
• 1－7.3 Preparation of the 201 Plan = 42
• 1－7.4 Content of the 201 Plan = 45
• REFERENCES = 46
• 2 RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLANNING AND LAND USE PLANNING / Ronald G.Alderfer ; Eldridge Lovelace = 47
• 2－1 INTRODUCTION = 47
• 2－2 FEDERAL WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLANNING AND LAND USE PLANNING = 48
• 2－2.1 Facilities Planning（Section 201, P. L. 92－500） = 49
• 2－2.2 Areawide Waste Treatment Management Planning（Section 208, P. L. 92－500） = 49
• 2－2.3 Continuing Planning Process（Section 303（e）, P.L. 92－500） = 52
• 2－2.4 Criticisms of Land Use Planning as Required by Federal Water Quality Planning Guidelines = 53
• 2－3 IMPACTS OF LAND USE ON QUALITY AND QUANTITY OF WATER RESOURCES = 54
• 2－3.1 Some Basic Principles = 54
• 2－3.2 Water Quality Impact of Open Space Land Uses = 55
• 2－3.3 Water Quality Impact of Urban Development = 66
• 2－3.4 Modeling Applications = 72
• 2－3.5 Summary of Land Use－Water Quality Studies = 77
• 2－4 LAND USE PLANNING AND WATER QUALITY IN THE FUTURE = 79
• 2－4.1 Planning Goals and Objectives = 79
• 2－4.2 Land Use Controls for Cost－Effective Water Quality Protection = 80
• 2－4.3 General Conclusions = 81
• REFERENCES = 81
• 3 EVALUATION OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVES / Joseph L. Pavoni ; Jerry R. Perrich = 87
• 3－1 INTRODUCTION = 87
• 3－2 WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS = 89
• 3－2.1 Water Use and Wastewater Production = 89
• 3－2.2 Wastewater Flow = 91
• 3－2.3 Composition of Wastewaters = 92
• 3－2.4 Eutrophication = 99
• 3－3 WASTEWATER TREATMENT TECHNIQUES = 100
• 3－3.1 Conventional Treatment Processes = 101
• 3－3.2 Activated Sludge = 103
• 3－3.3 Trickling Filters = 109
• 3－3.4 Package Plants = 112
• 3－3.5 Suspended Solids Removal = 114
• 3－3.6 Dissolved Solids Removal = 119
• 3－3.7 Nitrogen Removal = 125
• 3－3.8 Phosphorus Removal = 133
• 3－3.9 Stabilization Ponds = 137
• 3－3.10 The Potential of Ozonation = 139
• 3－3.11 Land Application of Wastewater = 142
• 3－3.12 Disinfection = 146
• 3－3.13 Lime Coagulation Processes = 150
• 3－3.14 Solids Treatment and Disposal = 151
• 3－4 WASTEWATER TREATMENT SCHEMES = 160
• 3－4.1 Effluent Quality Planning Factors = 160
• 3－4.2 Potential Effluent Quality Levels = 162
• 3－4.3 Development of Alternative Wastewater Treatment Schemes = 164
• 3－5 WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE COSTS = 171
• 3－5.1 Wastewater Treatment Cost Estimate Development = 172
• 3－5.2 Elements of Cost Estimation = 172
• 3－5.3 Cost Estimates of Wastewater Treatment Techniques = 176
• 3－5.4 Cost Estimates of Wastewater Treatment Schemes = 187
• 3－5.5 Treatment Alternatives Evaluation Case Study = 189
• 3－5.6 EPA Cost Estimates = 194
• REFERENCES = 197
• APPENDIX 3－1 COST INDICES = 202
• APPENDIX 3－2 PRESENT WORTH CALCULATIONS = 203
• APPENDIX 3－3 COST CURVE ANALYSIS = 204
• 4 UTILIZATION OF MODELING IN WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT STUDIES / Edward G.Foree ; John S. Tapp = 208
• 4－1 INTRODUCTION = 208
• 4－1.1 General Concept of Modeling = 208
• 4－1.2 Objectives of Computer Modeling in Water Quality Management Studies = 209
• 4－2 GENERAL MATHEMATICAL FORMULATIONS FOR WATER QUALITY MODELING = 212
• 4－2.1 Basic System Characteristics = 213
• 4－2.2 Types of Constituents = 219
• 4－3 DISSOLVED OXYGEN（DO） AS A PRIMARY PARAMETER FOR MODELING IN WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT STUDIES = 221
• 4－3.1 Sources of Dissolved Oxygen in Surface Waters = 223
• 4－3.2 Sinks of Dissolved Oxygen in Surface Waters = 225
• 4－3.3 Advection = 227
• 4－3.4 An Expression for the Behavior of DO in One Dimensional Nondispersive streams = 228
• 4－4 DETERMINATION OF PARAMETERS FOR STREAM DO MODELING = 230
• 4－4.1 Hydrologic Considerations = 231
• 4－4.2 Water Quality Considerations = 234
• 4－4.3 Rate Coefficients = 237
• 4－4.4 Time of Travel ／ Velocity = 245
• 4－4.5 Other Required Model Inputs = 248
• 4－5 EXAMPLE APPLICATION OF A ONE DIMENSIONAL STEADY STATE DO MODEL FOR WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT = 252
• 4－5.1 Model Description = 253
• 4－5.2 Example Applications = 256
• 4－6 MODELING OF WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS OTHER THAN DO = 269
• 4－7 REPRESENTATIVE MODELS AVAILABLE FOR WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT STUDIES = 270
• 4－7.1 Stream Models = 271
• 4－7.2 Estuary Models = 274
• 4－7.3 Lake ／ Reservoir Models = 276
• 4－7.4 Nonpoint Source ／ Urban Runoff Models = 288
• 4－7.5 Multiple Function Models = 292
• 4－8 A SYSTEMS APPROACH TO WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT = 296
• 4－8.1 Geographical Data = 296
• 4－8.2 Models = 297
• 4－8.3 Potential Applications of Systems Approach = 297
• 4－9 SUMMARY = 297
• REFERENCES = 300
• APPENDIX 4－1 BIBLIOGRAPHY = 304
• 5 MANAGEMENT－INSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS OF WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLANNING / Eldridge Lovelace ; T. Scott Cantine = 312
• 5－1 INTRODUCTION = 312
• 5－1.1 Management Aspects of the Statutes = 313
• 5－1.2 Management Guidelines = 314
• 5－2 THE MANAGEMENT PROBLEM = 315
• 5－3 THE 208 MANAGEMENT SYSTEM = 315
• 5－3.1 The Water Use Cycle and Water Quality Management = 315
• 5－3.2 Water Use and Treatment Cycle = 316
• 5－3.3 Management Application to Improve Water Quality = 316
• 5－4 OVERVIEW OF ISSUES = 317
• 5－5 INSTITUTIONAL－LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS = 320
• 5－5.1 Relation to System of Local Government = 320
• 5－5.2 Land Use Relationships = 321
• 5－6 MEASURES REQUIRED TO PRODUCE CLEAN WATER = 322
• 5－7 REQUIREMENTS OF THE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND GUIDELINES FOR DEVELOPMENT = 323
• 5－8 FINANCIAL CONSIDERATIONS = 324
• 5－8.1 The Cost of Water Quality = 324
• 5－8.2 Financial Concerns in the Management Program = 325
• 5－9 REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS = 327
• 5－9.1 General Principles for Regulatory Programs = 332
• 5－9.2 Commentary on Regulatory Programs from a Land Use Perspective = 332
• 5－10 MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OPTIONS = 334
• REFERENCES = 335
• 6 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLANNING / Charles C. Schimpeler ; Marva Gay ; Adelbert L. Roark = 336
• 6－1 INTRODUCTION = 336
• 6－2 REQUIREMENTS FOR PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN THE WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLANNING PROCESS = 338
• 6－2.1 Desirability of Public Participation = 338
• 6－2.2 Legal Requirements for Public Participation = 338
• 6－3 FRAMEWORK FOR CITIZENS' PARTICIPATION PROGRAM = 339
• 6－3.1 Transmission = 340
• 6－3.2 Feedback = 341
• 6－4 PUBLIC EDUCATION IN THE PUBLIC PARTICIPATION PROCESS = 342
• 6－5 ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR USE IN PUBLIC PARTICIPATION PROGRAMS = 343
• 6－5.1 Evaluation Methodology = 344
• 6－5.2 Statistical Tests = 349
• 6－6 APPLICATION OF METHODOLOGIES TO SPECIFIC WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLANNING STUDIES = 352
• 6－6.1 201 Facilities Planning － Louisville, Kentucky and Surrounding Areas = 353
• 6－6.2 303（e） River Basin Planning － State of Kentucky = 360
• REFERENCES = 371
• 7 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENTS IN WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLANNING / John E. Heer ; D. Joseph Hagerty = 373
• 7－1 INTRODUCTION = 373
• 7－1.1 History of the National Environmental Policy Act = 374
• 7－1.2 NEPA in a Nutshell = 375
• 7－1.3 Consequences of NEPA = 378
• 7－2 DEVELOPMENT OF THE IMPACT STATEMENT = 382
• 7－2.1 Enforcement of NEPA = 382
• 7－2.2 Impact Statement Contents = 384
• 7－3 IMPACT ASSESSMENT PREPARATION = 388
• 7－3.1 General Sequence of Preparation = 388
• 7－3.2 Methods of Impact Assessment = 390
• 7－3.3 Organizing the Assessment Team = 394
• 7－4 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENTS OF WATER MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES = 396
• 7－4.1 NEPA － Planning Implications = 396
• 7－4.2 Assessments for Specific Projects = 397
• 7－5 SUMMARY = 406
• REFERENCES = 407
• INDEX = 413