셰익스피어의 한국수용(3) -1980년~1987년 = The Process of Shakespeare Acceptance in Korea (3)-1980~1987

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The decade of the 1980s was spent under the military dictatorship and the theatrical activities during this period were pretry much swayed by it as the sociocultural endeavors were overall suppressed. This oppressed social milieu is very well reflected, including the 1981 Hamlet production, in the dramas put on stage during this dictatorial regime. To highlight the human helplessness, Hamlet produced by Hyundai Repertoire Theater masked the utter despair of human emotions in madness while Kook-sub Kee`s satirical interpretation of Hamlet was an expression of disgust and a social-political protest against the absolute power. Nonetheless, as the country had become more and more advanced and open toward the outside world, Shakespeare, one of the greatest literary figures in history, found new willing audience in Korea. The BBC TV production of Shakespeare`s plays was shown on Korean TV and has contributed greatly to the better understanding of Shakespeare and raised the standard of the Korean audience`s appreciation of the great works of art. The 3rd Seoul World Theater Festival was participated by such great names in Shakespearean stage as Jan Kott. The translation work of Shakespeare was also very active and a wide range of people, including the college professors of English literature, tried and some of them produced truely quality work. One outstanding trend in the Shakespeare translation is the publication of one annotated version after another. The source, origin, mythology, locality, and ranks contained in the works of Shakespeare were probed into and introduced; therefore, the audience were able to learn something new about Shakespeare and his works every time they opened the newly published Shakespeare. However, it is regretable that a large portion of college professors` efforts were skewered toward tragedies; they had already been translated and in wide circulation and had been staged over and over again. The same is true with comedies. List some examples, among tragedies, Romeo and Juliet has 21 different translated versions, Hamlet 20 versions, and among comedies, the Merchant of Venice, 7 versions. The stage scene is about the same. The love-affair with Hamlet knew no bounds. The actors who had successfully portrayed Hamlet filled the roll call of Who`s Who in performing art. They include such names as Dong-won Kim, Bul-ahm Choi, Dong-hoon, Kim, Dong-whan Chung, and In-chon Ryu. Marowitz Hamlet produced by the repertoire theater, Mac-toe, Hyundai troupe`s Hamlet, Kook Suh Kee`s Hamlet 1-5 are some telling examples of lopsided nature of Shakespeare on the Korean stage. One towering figure who has left a true legacy regarding Shakespeare in Korea is Hae-rang Lee. He had directed Shakespeare ten times before the Shakespeare acceptance in Korea(3). His direction of King Lear in 1983 and Hamlet in 1985 and 1989 garnered the highest acclaim and are counted as best production in the annals of Shakespeare theater in Korea. The college theaters in the 1980s, on the other hand, showed the tendency to lean toward comedies and they were performed in English to challenge Shakespeare in its entirety and to set themselves apart from the professional groups. Yonsei University in 1980-87 staged Shakespeare 6 times while Jun-joo University, 5 times. The rivalry over Shakespeare production between Yonsei and Koryo Universities was quite a spectacle. During this third of phase of Shakespeare acceptance, professional theaters produced Shakespeare 59 times whereas college theater groups, 53 times, which means that colleges were conducive to the Shakespeare boom on the Korean stage. Compared to the college theaters, professional groups` contribution to the boom was meagre. What is outstanding during this period in the professional sphere is the active theatrical exchange with England and Japan. Particularly, As You Like It, Taming of the Shrew, and Othello were critically acclaimed. In addition, four adaptations by the Western dramatists were staged and of which Westside Story, a musical shaped in a composite art form, was received with great enthusiasm by the public. Scholastic effort, in its tum, has laid a solid foundation and turned visible results. The understanding of Shakespeare has been elevated and the research activities and papers in the universities and colleges were on the rise. During this period, 153 master`s theses and 13 doctorate dissertations were written, and 372 papers by scholars or college professors were presented at various forums and seminars organized by colleges or academic associations. What all these activities indicate is that the Shakespeare study has been broadened and diversified and at the same time the quality of study has been raised as well.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

1980년대의 정치상황은 군사독제체제였으며, 사회적 문화적 억압감으로 연극은 크게 영향을 받았다. 이러한 현상은 1981년에 공연된〈햄릿〉 등 몇 작품에 나타나 있다. 극단 현대극장의〈햄릿〉은 인간감정의 처절상이 광기의 가면 속에 나타났고, 기국서의〈햄릿〉은 절대권력 구조에 대한 혐오를 풍자형태로 묘출하는 반정치적, 반사회적 저항이었다. 그러나 선진국화와 서양문명의 개화로, 고전적인 대문호 셰익스피어의 수용이 나날이 증폭되여 왔다. 영국의 BBC TV에서 제작한 셰익스피어 작품의 방영은 수준 높은 작품성과 셰익스피어 작품에 대한 이해와 감동으로 크게 기여하였고, 서울 제3세계연극제에 셰익스피어 연극계의 중진, 얀 코트(Jan Katt) 등, 세계연극인들의 내한과 공연이 있었다. 셰익스피어 작품번역의 물꼬도 크게 넓혀졌다. 영문학의 교수들이 셰익스피어 번역에 동참하였고 우수한 번역서들이 출판되었다. 번역서의 경향의 하나가 주석본의 계속적인 출간이며, 셰익스피어의 작품에 내재하는 기원, 신화, 지명, 직위 등 우리와 생소한 내용들이 허다한데, 셰익스피어의 진정한 이해에 도움이 된다. 그러나 아쉬운 점은 많은 교수들의 번역 대상은 이미 우리나라에서 번역되고, 공연되는 작품들, 주로 비극의 선택에 치우쳤다는 것이다. 희극의 경우도 마찬가지다. 예시하면〈로미오와 줄리엣〉이 21회,〈햄릿〉이 20회, 희극에서는〈베니스의 상인〉이 7회이다. 공연에 있어서도 같은 처지이다. 우선〈햄릿〉의 러쉬는 한결같다.〈햄릿〉 공연을 성공적으로 한 배우들은 우리나라의 명배우들이다. 김동원, 최불암, 김동훈, 정동환, 유인촌 등이다. 극단 맥토의〈마로윗츠 햄릿〉, 현대극장의〈햄릿〉 기국서의〈햄릿1~5〉는 대표선수감이다. 셰익스피어 공연에 잊지 못할 연극인은 이해랑이다. 그는 셰익스피어의 한국이입 3 기전에 셰익스피어의 작품을 10회 연출하였다. 83년에〈리어 왕〉과 85년과 89년에〈햄릿〉을 연출하여 최고의 극찬을 받은 바 있다. 1980년대의 대학극 공연은 희극의 공연이 활발해졌으며 대학다운 특징으로 원어극이 성행하였다. 연대와 전주대가 6, 5회의 공연을 하였다. 연고대가 두 번째로 맞대결하는 연극공연은 흥밋거리였다. 그리고 셰익스피어의 수용 3기에 직업극단의 셰익스피어 공연이 59회였는데, 대학극이 53회라는 것은 대학 공연이 셰익스피어 붐 조성에 공이 크다고 할 것이다. 이에 비하여 직업극단은 자랑할 만한 실적이 아니다. 다만 영ㆍ일 과의 연극교류는 기록할 만한 일이고,〈뜻대로 하세요〉,〈말괄량이 길들이기〉,〈오셀로〉 등의 공연은 비교적 좋은 평을 받았다. 그리고 서구작가들의 변용극 공연에 네 가지가 있었으며, 그중에도 West Side Story의 종합예술화된 Musical 공연은 크게 인기몰이가 되었다. 학문적 수용은 커다란 발전의 기반을 닦았다. 셰익스피어에 대한 인식이 고양되었고 대학들의 연구와 논문발표는 증가기세이다. 셰익스피어 수용 3기에 석사논문 153편, 박사논문이 13편이고 각 대학이나 학회를 포함하여 교수나 학자들이 발표한 논문이 372편이라는 사실에서 논문의 주제가 다양해졌고 학 술수준이 향상된 것을 나타낸다.