1 CHEUN, SANG BUOM, "Yeongeo Eumseonghak Gaeron (Introduction to English Phonetics)" Eul-yoo-mun-hwa-sa 2005
2 LINDAU, MONA, "Vowel features" 54 : 541-563, 1978
3 CHOMSKY, NOAM, "The Sound Pattern of English" Harper and Row 1968
4 HAMMOND, MICHAEL, "The Phonology of English" Oxford University Press 1999
5 DAVIES, MARK, "The Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA): One Billion Words, 1990-2017"
6 "The Carnegie Mellon University Pronouncing Dictionary"
7 HALLE, MORRIS, "Tenseness, vowel shift, and the phonology of the back vowels in Modern English" 8 : 611-625, 1977
8 RUBACH, JERZY, "Segmental rules of English and cyclic phonology" 60 : 21-55, 1984
9 LINDAU, MONA, "Phonetic Linguistics: Essay in Honor of Peter Ladefoged" Academic Press 157-168, 1985
10 WELLS, JOHN CHRISTOPHER, "Longman Pronunciation Dictionary" Pearson Education Limited 2008
1 CHEUN, SANG BUOM, "Yeongeo Eumseonghak Gaeron (Introduction to English Phonetics)" Eul-yoo-mun-hwa-sa 2005
2 LINDAU, MONA, "Vowel features" 54 : 541-563, 1978
3 CHOMSKY, NOAM, "The Sound Pattern of English" Harper and Row 1968
4 HAMMOND, MICHAEL, "The Phonology of English" Oxford University Press 1999
5 DAVIES, MARK, "The Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA): One Billion Words, 1990-2017"
6 "The Carnegie Mellon University Pronouncing Dictionary"
7 HALLE, MORRIS, "Tenseness, vowel shift, and the phonology of the back vowels in Modern English" 8 : 611-625, 1977
8 RUBACH, JERZY, "Segmental rules of English and cyclic phonology" 60 : 21-55, 1984
9 LINDAU, MONA, "Phonetic Linguistics: Essay in Honor of Peter Ladefoged" Academic Press 157-168, 1985
10 WELLS, JOHN CHRISTOPHER, "Longman Pronunciation Dictionary" Pearson Education Limited 2008
11 MCMAHON, APRIL, "Lexical Phonology and the History of English" Cambridge University Press 2000
12 HWANGBO, YOUNG-SHIK, "Intrusive r in English: A functional approach" The Phonology-Morphology Circle of Korea 4 : 291-314, 1998
13 BOERSMA, PAUL, "Functional Phonology: Formalizing the Interactions between Articulatory and Perceptual Drives" Holland Academic Graphics 1998
14 HICKEY, RAYMOND, "Contact, Variation and Change in the History of English" John Benjamins 95-110, 2014
15 DELATTRE, PIERRE, "A dialect study of American R’s by X-ray motion picture" 44 : 29-68, 1968
16 LADEFOGED , PETER, "A Course in Phonetics" Wadsworth/Cengage Learning 2011