애착 행동에대한 신경화학적 고찰 = Neurochemical bases of attachment behaviors

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Attachment behaviors in human and animals can be characterized as infants' preference of mothers, and showing intensive distress when they were separated from the mothers. It has been suggested that these affiliative and distress behaviors in mother-child attachment is influenced by neurochemical activities. This study reviewed literatures and research articles on neurochemical bases of attachment behaviors, particularly focusing on the function of three neuropeptides: (1) stress hormones including catecholamine and cortisol, (2) endogenous opioids like morphime and naloxone, and (3) pituitary hormone oxytocin and vasopressin. Previous studies have reported that each of these neuropeptides plays a critical role in establishing affective bonds, and coping with stress from separation. Findings of animal research provides researchers with valuable information on neurochemical paths of attachment behaviors, but cannot be solely applied to the human.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 인간을 비롯한 포유류 동물에서 나타나는 애착행동의 특성을 주 양육자에 대한 선호성 확립과 애착 대상과의 분리 시 보이는 스트레스 반응으로 정의하고 이와 관련된 신경화학적 변화를 고찰하였다. 애착과 관련하여 선행연구들에서 주로 다루어진 신경화학물질은 카테콜라민 계열의 뇌 전달물질들과 스트레스 호르몬인 코티졸, 내인성 아편제, 뇌하수체 후엽 호르몬인 옥시토신 등이다. 그 중 뇌 아편제와 옥시토신은 애정적인 유대감의 형성과 애착 관계에서 오는 긍정적 경험의 대뇌 보상체계에 긴밀히 관여하는 것으로 보고되어 왔으며 아동이 겪는 스트레스의 지표인 카테콜라민과 코티졸 수준의 변화는 아동의 애착 안정성과 분리 스트레스 대처에 대한 개인차를 제시해 준다. 동물 연구의 결과들을 그대로 인간에 적용하기에는 한계점이 있으나 이러한 고찰은 생의 초기 경험이 어떻게 생리적 반응과 상호작용하는지, 애착관계의 행동조절체계가 생리화학적 조절체계와 어떻게 관련되는지, 또한 정상적 애착발달에 어려움을 겪는 아동이 가질 수 있는 신경화학적 문제를 이해하는데 도움이 될 것으로 생각된다.

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