The purpose of this research is, by investigating the relations between the cultural types of a nursing organization in a hospital and performance, to ascertain the cultural types to be able to improve performance.
This research targeted eight gen...
The purpose of this research is, by investigating the relations between the cultural types of a nursing organization in a hospital and performance, to ascertain the cultural types to be able to improve performance.
This research targeted eight general hospitals and the data were gathered from 487 nurses and 328 patients who were in these hospitals by using the self-report type of questionnaires. The period of data collection was from August 10, 2000 to September 10, 2000.
For this research, the following tools were used; the tools (developed by this researcher) for measuring the organizational characteristics, organizational culture, and job satisfaction, the tool (by Meyer, Allen, and Smith; 1993) for measuring organizational commitment, and the tool (by Chae Gye-soon; 1997) for measuring patients' satisfaction.
For data analysis the SPSS Win 7.5 program was used. And the coefficient of Cronbach alpha was used for a reliability inspection of the research tools, and item analysis and factor analysis were used for validity study. As for a demographic variable frequency, percentage, the mean, and standard deviation were found and as for the type of organizational culture, organization characteristics, organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and patients' satisfaction, the mean, standard deviation, and a range were found. And the difference of the organizational culture type according to the establishment type and characteristics of hospital organizations was inspected by ANOVA. In order to prepare the organizational culture profile, cluster analysis was made. And the difference in organization performance according to the culture type and organizational culture profile was verified by ANOVA. As for the relation among organization characteristics, organizational culture type and organization performance, Pearson Correlation Coefficient was used. And to make sure of the influence of organization characteristics upon organizational culture and the one of organizational culture on performance, multiple regression was executed.
The research results are as follows.
1) The organizational culture in a hospital-nursing organization was generally rank-oriented.
2) Among hospital organizations there was a significant difference (p=0.00) in four types of organizational culture; relation-oriented, innovation-oriented, rank-oriented, and task-oriented.
3) There was a significant difference in the organizational culture type according to the establishment type of hospital. The hospital of special corporation having a special status showed more relation-oriented culture (p=0.00) than the school-corporation hospital and medical-corporation hospital, and the hospitals of special corporation and school corporation showed more task-oriented and innovation-oriented culture (p=0.00) that the medical-corporation hospital. However, the rank-oriented culture showed no difference in all the hospitals (p=0.14).
4) In the relationship between organization characteristics and organizational culture of a hospital, such organization features as a transformational leadership, a transactional leadership, formalization, centralization, communication, and decision making were correlated with the type of each culture(p=0.00). The characteristic variables to have an effect on the relation-oriented culture were communication, a transformational leadership, decision making, and centralization (p=0.00), the ones to affect the innovation-oriented culture were a transformational leadership, centralization, formalization, and decision making(p=0.00), and the ones to affect the rank-oriented culture were centralization, communication, a transformational leadership, and formalization (p=0.00). And formalization and a transformational leadership had an influence upon the task-oriented culture (p=0.00).
5) In the relation between the organizational culture type of hospital and its performance, there was a strong positive correlation between innovation-oriented culture and job satisfaction. And relation-oriented culture and task-oriented culture showed that they had a weak positive correlation with job satisfaction (p=0.00). There were a positive correlation between affective commitment and relation-oriented, innovation-oriented cultures (p=0.00), and there were no culture type significantly related to continuence commitment and there was a weak positive correlation among normative commitment and innovation-oriented culture, relation-oriented culture(p=0.00).
6) When dividing a hospital organization into profiles of the organizational culture types and collectivizing them, and analysing the relationship between the types and performance, task-oriented and innovation-oriented cultures and a strong balance culture made a higher understanding of job satisfaction than strong rank culture and strong relation culture (p=0.00). And also, affective commitemt showed stronger and higher culture than other culture profiles (p=0.00). continuence commitment showed lower strong rank-oriented culture than other culture profiles (p=0.00). And normative commitment showed a low value(p=0.00) in a strong rank-oriented culture, different from other groups. And task-innovation oriented cultures showed higher nursing-service satisfaction (p=0.00) of patients than a strong balance culture and a strong rank-oriented culture.
7) The types to have an influence upon nurses' job satisfaction were innovation-oriented culture and relation-oriented culture. These had 34.5% of influence with job satisfaction.. The type of organizational culture did not influence continuence commitment, but it had an influence on affective commitment and normative commitment. And relation-oriented culture and innovation-oriented culture had 21% of an influence with affective commitment, and they had 9.5% of an influence with normative commitment.
As the above mentioned research results, the organizational culture type was found which had an influence upon nurses' job satisfaction and organizational commitment and patients' satisfaction in nursing service. These results are very significant in having showed the persons in charge of nursing administration a basic data for creation of an effective organizational culture.
The nursing-theoretical meaning of this research is to give them the conceptual tool of understanding and managing a nursing organization by proposing a model of the correlation among characteristics, culture and performance of nursing organization. Besides, it is regarded as the meaning of this research on the aspect of nursing study and nursing business that it will mark a turning point in measuring the nursing-organization cultures in various hospital environments from now on and promoting the study to make sure of the relation with performance and it presented a basic data for the formation of organizational culture to lead nursing-organization members to their job satisfaction and organizational commitment.