Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is a hybrid imaging tool that combines optical and acoustic characteristics. Its principle is physically based on the PA effect that converts the absorbed optical energy to acoustic waves. PA imaging can provide functional, ...
Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is a hybrid imaging tool that combines optical and acoustic characteristics. Its principle is physically based on the PA effect that converts the absorbed optical energy to acoustic waves. PA imaging can provide functional, metabolic, and hemodynamic information such as total hemoglobin concentration, blood oxygenation, blood flow, temperature measurement, and angiogenesis. Additionally, PA imaging is non-invasive, free of radiation exposure, and capable of real-time imaging. These advantages make PA imaging a promising imaging tool for biomedical applications such as diagnosis, staging, and monitoring of cancer or other diseases. Several PA imaging systems for clinical uses have been developed based on the clinical ultrasound (US) imaging platform. Because PA and US imaging can represent anatomical and physiological properties of targets, dual-modal PA/US imaging can be applied to existing or extended clinical areas of US imaging. Especially during surgery, the combination of real-time US imaging and pre-acquired magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is widely used as image guidance. However, US imaging is primarily specialized for structural imaging and Doppler US imaging has relatively low sensitivity compared to PA imaging.
Thus, a triple-modal PA, US, and MR fusion imaging is introduced in this dissertation. This fusion imaging can be achieved by combining a real-time clinical PA/US imaging system with a navigation sub-system that uses optical tracking. Overlaid PA, US, and MR images are acquired by real-time registration of pre-acquired MR images and real-time PA/US images. Registration accuracy is tested, then the PA/US/MR fusion images are acquired from a phantom in vitro, and from blood vessels of a human forearm in vivo. This fusion imaging visualizes anatomical and vascular structure of targets in real time, offers an intuitive user interface, and is easily adaptable to clinical environments. Triple-modal PA/US/MR imaging has potential to provide complementary image guidance in various surgeries. Ultimately, by exploring fusion imaging based on the PA/US imaging, the dissertation can complement the conventional US/MR fusion imaging and further extend the clinical approach of PA/US imaging platforms.