유아용 자아존중감 척도’ 개발 및 타당화 = The development and validation of 'Self-Esteem Scale for Young Children'

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study is to develop a self-esteem scale for young children and to test its validity and reliability. Based on the literature review, the concept and structure of self-esteem were analyzed and items were created according to the sub factors of worthiness and competence. The first item draft was developed through reviews of the research group for scale development. The secondary item draft was organized through experts' reviews, and the third item draft was constructed through a pilot study. To determine the final items, 362 data from young children collected through individual tests at 3-5 year-old classes in kindergarten and childcare centers. Considering the statistics of item analysis and the necessity and importance of items, a total of 22 items (11 items for worthiness, 11 items for competence) were confirmed. The construct validity was verified through confirmatory factor analysis, the content validity was confirmed through experts' reviews, and the criterion-related validity was confirmed through the correlation analysis with the existing scale (PSPCSA). For reliability, the results of item internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's α) were .91 (.86 for worthiness, .86 for competence) and the results of test-retest reliablity (r) were .75 (.74 for worthiness, .70 for competence), verifying that the final scale had consistency and stability. This scale measures the self-esteem of young children by encompassing worthiness and competence, and can be used in early childhood institutions to enhance the inner health of young children.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 유아용 자아존중감 척도 개발과 타당도 및 신뢰도 검증을 목적으로 하였다. 먼저 문헌고찰을 토대로 자아존중감의 개념과 구조를 분석하여 가치와 유능성 하위요인에 따라 문항을작성한 후, 도구개발을 위한 연구모임을 통해 1차 시안을 만들고, 전문가 협의회를 통해 2차 시안으로 정리하고, 예비연구를 통해 3차 시안을 완성하였다. 최종 문항 선정을 위한 본 연구에서는유아교육기관 만 3~5세 학급의 유아 362명에게 검사를 통해 자료를 수집하였다. 문항분석 결과및 문항의 필요성과 중요성을 고려하여, 총 22문항(가치 11문항, 유능성 11문항)의 유아용 자아존중감 최종 척도를 확정하였다. 최종 척도의 타당도는 확인적 요인분석을 통해 구인타당도, 유아자아존중감 연구 경험이 있는 전문가들의 검토를 통해 내용타당도, 기존 도구(PSPCSA)와의 상관분석을 통해 준거타당도를 검증하였다. 신뢰도의 경우, 문항내적일관성신뢰도(Cronbach's α)는.91(가치 .86, 유능성 .86), 검사-재검사 신뢰도(r)는 .75(가치 .74, 유능성 .70)로 나타나 본 척도가일관성 및 안정성이 있음을 확인하였다. 개발된 척도는 가치와 유능성을 포괄하여 유아의 자아존중감을 측정할 수 있으며, 유아 내면의 건강 증진을 위해 유아교육기관에서 활용할 수 있다.

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