대졸 미취업자들의 정신건강 변화에서의 진로 정체감 효과: 비선형 다층모형의 적용 = Career Identity Effect on the Change of Mental Health among Unemployed University Graduates: applying nonlinear multi-level model

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 네 차례에 걸친 종단 조사를 통해, 졸업 후 8개월까지 취업을 하지 못한 대졸 미취업자들의 정신건강 변화와 이 변화에서의 진로 정체감 효과를 비선형 다층모형을 통해 살펴보았다. 그 결과, 대졸 미취업자들의 정신건강의 변화양상은 4학년 1학년 시점을 시작으로 시간에 흐름에 따라 통계적으로 유의미하게 변화하였고, 정신건강 변화에 영향을 미치는 진로미결정과 직업에 대한 지각된 통제감(이후 지각된 통제감)은의 졸업 이전 정신건강 수준에서 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 구체적으로 살펴보면, 대졸 미취업자들의 정신건강은 4학년 1학기를 시작으로 졸업 시점 즈음까지 GHQ 수치가 계속 높아지다가 졸업 이후 1~2개월인 3월과 4월 즈음에 가장 정점을 이루며 가장 좋지 않은 정신건강 상태를 나타냈다. 하지만 그 시점 이후에는 실업의 장기화와 함께 GHQ 수치가 다시 낮아지면서 정신건강 상태가 좋아지는 양상을 보였다. 정신건강 변화에서의 진로 정체감 효과의 경우, 진로미결정 수준이 낮고 지각된 통제력 수준이 높은 개인들은 초기의 GHQ 총점을 비롯한 GHQ 우울 · 불안 및 GHQ 부적응 수치가 낮았으며 장기 미취업 상태가 되어도 GHQ 수치가 높아지지 않고 계속 낮은 상태로 유지되었다. 반면 진로미결정 수준이 높고, 지각된 통제감 수준이 낮은 개인들은 그렇지 않은 개인들에 비해 실업의 장기화와 더불어 GHQ 수치가 높게 지속되었다. 이 결과는 실업이 개인들에게 동일한 정도로 정신건강에 영향을 주어 정신건강의 패턴은 시간에 흐름에 따라 유사하지만 장기 미취업으로 인한 개개인의 정신건강 수준은 초기의 진로미결정과 지각된 통제감 수준에 의해 달라짐을 보여주었다.

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