유길준의 군민공치론(君民共治論) 연구 = 후쿠자와 유키치의 국체론(國體論)에 대한 수용과 주체성

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In non-Western societies that have experienced colonialism, independent modernization is a major topic of debate, along with the transformation from monarchy to republic. The current research explores Yu Gil-jun’s doctrine on modern polity and statehood in comparison with the doctrine of his Japanese teacher Fukuzawa Yukichi, and the finding that Yu’s doctrinal trunk is not simply descended from Fukuzawa’s ideas demonstrates the independence and subjecthood of Korean modernization. To understand the domestic and international situation, and to search for a remedy for Korea, Yu borrowed from Fukuzawa’s ideas on civilization, forms of government, polity, and statehood. Notwithstanding, Yu used his own ideas as regards the operational methods of power (politics by mass people i.e. democracy, politics by minimum people i.e. oligarchy), division (public/private) and reinforcement/control of royal power, transformation of Fukuzawa’s three-stage civilization into three-grade enlightenment, and universalization of Confucian values through “enlightenment of behavior”, one of the six sectors of enlightenment. Moreover, Yu refused fisticuff international order, and instead proposed Yedeok (decorum and virtue). Plus, as an alternative to survival of the fittest, Yu proposed competition and exertion based on reason and intellectual power. Yu’s doctrine on “Monarchial-Civil Governance” searched for the independence of Korea with the participation of the people. His doctrine on statehood also focused on protecting his fatherland, rather than the fruition of Fukuzawa’s influence. Therefore, these facts support the thesis of an independent modernization of Korea.