Human reliability and safety analysis data handbook

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• PREFACE = xiii
• ACKNOWLEDGMENTS = xvii
• ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS = xv
• 1 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND TO HUMAN RELIABILITY ANALYSIS = 1
• 1.1 Introduction = 1
• 1.2 HRA Perspective = 2
• 1.3 Needs and Future Directions for Human Reliability Analysis-A Critical Self-Assessment = 21
• References = 24
• 2 CONDUCTING HUMAN RELIABILITY ANALYSIS = 27
• 2.1 Introduction = 27
• 2.2 Systematic Human Action Reliability Procedure = 29
• 2.3 IEEE Standard P1082／D7 = 30
• 2.4 Task Analysis Linked Evaluation Technique = 33
• References = 42
• 3 FORMAL METHODS FOR ESTIMATING HUMAN RELIABILITY = 44
• 3.1 Introduction = 44
• 3.2 Confusion Matrix = 45
• 3.3 Expert Estimation = 49
• 3.4 Human Cognitive Reliability = 51
• 3.5 Maintenance Personnel Performance Simulation = 53
• 3.6 Success Likelihood Index Method-Multiattribute Utility Decomposition = 55
• 3.7 Sociotechnical Assessment of Human Reliability = 60
• 3.8 Technique for Human Error Rate Prediction = 60
• 3.9 Sandia Recovery Model = 70
• 3.10 Operator Reliability Calculation and Assessment = 71
• 3.11 Utility for Various HRA Methods = 72
• References = 73
• 4 HRA FAULT AND EVENT TREES = 77
• 4.1 Introduction = 77
• 4.2 HRA Fault Tree Analysis = 79
• 4.3 HRA Event Tree Analysis = 80
• 4.4 Recovery Actions = 80
• 4.5 Calculating an Overall HEP Estimate = 82
• 4.6 Example Application-Conducting a Brief HRA = 84
• 4.7 Cognitive Event Tree System : Representing Cognitive Activities and Errors in HRA Trees = 94
• References = 105
• 5 EXISTING DATA SOURCES AND DATA BANK = 108
• 5.1 NUCLARR = 109
• 5.2 Human Error Rate Assessment and Reduction Technique = 124
• 5.3 The Technique for Human Error Rate Prediction = 126
• 5.4 Human Error Rate Assessment of Intention-Based Errors = 127
• 5.5 Maintenance Activities = 152
• 5.6 Simulator Data = 154
• 5.7 Probability of Error for Maintenance Tasks = 175
• 5.8 French Data Collection Efforts = 176
• 5.9 Sensitivity to Human Error-LaSalle PRA Case Study = 177
• References = 182
• 6 HRA : A CASE STUDY FOR NUCLEAR PROCESSING FACILITY DESIGN = 185
• 6.1 Introduction = 185
• 6.2 Case Study and System Description = 186
• 6.3 Application of a Structured Approach = 186
• 6.4 HRA Results = 193
• 6.5 Conclusions = 197
• References = 198
• 7 HRA CASE STUDY FOR A NUCLEAR POWER PLANT : CONTAINMENT VENTING PROCEDURE = 199
• 7.1 Introduction = 199
• 7.2 The problem = 200
• 7.3 Venting = 201
• 7.4 Assumptions = 201
• 7.5 Workflow to Support HRA = 204
• 7.6 HRA Results = 206
• 7.7 Conclusions = 226
• References = 229
• 8 RELATION OF HRA TO SYSTEMS SAFETY AND SYSTEM PERFORMANCE = 230
• 8.1 Introduction = 230
• 8.2 Root Cause Analysis = 231
• 8.3 Causal Factor Analysis = 232
• 8.4 Process Safety Analysis = 239
• 8.5 Management Oversight and Risk Tree Analysis = 242
• 8.6 Human System Interaction = 270
• 8.7 The NRC Standard Review Plan = 289
• 8.8 DOE Safety Analysis Report Requirements = 290
• 8.9 Transportation Safety Analysis Investigation = 293
• References = 298
• 9 SIMULATORS AND SIMULATION AS A TOOL FOR EVALUATING HUM AN RELIABILITY = 300
• 9.1 Introduction = 300
• 9.2 MAPPS／MicroMAPPS = 302
• 9.3 Cognitive Environment Simulation = 309
• 9.4 Dynamic Event Tree Analysis Modeling = 310
• 9.5 Operator Reliability Program = 313
• References = 316
• 10 ORGANIZATIONAL FACTORS AND HUMAN RELIABILITY = 319
• 10.1 Introduction = 319
• 10.2 The Assessment of Behavioral Climate-DOE Research = 321
• 10.3 Management and Organization-NRC Research = 340
• 10.4 Management and Organizational Perspective in Industry = 342
• 10.5 Quantification of Management and Organization in URA = 342
• References = 347
• 11 OUTSTANDING ISSUES = 348
• 11.1 Introduction = 348
• 11.2 Determining Error Factors Associated with Simulator Data = 349
• 11.3 Instances Where Existing HEPs and Error Factors Are Not Logically Consistent = 352
• 11.4 Caveats When Using Expert Opinion = 359
• 11.5 Expert judgments in the Process Industry = 361
• 11.6 Sensitivity Analysis in HRA = 364
• 11.7 HRA Linkage to Common Cause Failure Mechanisms = 367
• References = 369
• 12 BEHAVIORAL MECHANISMS UNDERLYING HUMAN ERROR = 372
• 12.1 Introduction = 372
• 12.2 Pattern Recognition Approach = 373
• 12.3 Gestalt Psychology = 374
• 12.4 Information Theoretic Approach = 375
• 12.5 Generic Error Modeling System = 377
• 12.6 Tool Design to Circumvent Error Propensity-Cognitive Systems Design = 379
• 12.7 Decision Making = 380
• 12.8 Human Problem Solving and Information Processing = 381
• 12.9 Problem Solving and Insight = 382
• 12.10 Hull Stimulus-Response Paradigm and Drive Theorists = 384
• References = 385
• 13 THE PROBLEM : REPRESENTATION OF ERRORS OF COMMISSION(COGNITIVE ERROR)IN PRA = 388
• 13.1 Introduction = 388
• 13.2 Overview of Decision-Based Errors = 389
• 13.3 Recent Contributions = 391
• 13.4 Defining Lower Bound Failure Rate Estimates for Human Decisions = 394
• 13.5 Analysis and Synthesis Results for a Decision-Based Data Set = 402
• 13.6 Conclusions Regarding Decision-Based Errors = 403
• References = 408
• 14 HRA AND THE IMPACT OF EMERGING HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES = 412
• 14.1 Introduction = 412
• 14.2 Human Performance Basis for Introducing Emerging Technology = 413
• 14.3 Challenges for Implementation = 415
• 14.4 Additional Issue Identification = 416
• 14.5 Positive Reasons for Implementing Technology = 417
• 14.6 Technologies That Are the Most Likely to Be Introduced = 418
• 14.7 Human Factors Issues = 419
• 14.8 Training Efforts and the Issue of Supporting Human Learning = 420
• 14.9 HRA and Emerging Behavioral Technology = 422
• 14.10 Cognitive Components Approach = 423
• 14.11 Training for Enhancing Cognition = 424
• References = 424
• BIBLIOGRAPHY = 427
• INDEX = 445