초국가적 범죄에 대한 인간안보적 접근과 대응

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper is to analyze human security approach and international cooperation measures to resolve transnational threats in North Korea such as NK defectors, drug, organized crime, and human trafficking. For the purpose of that, this paper intends to search for introduction; concept/pattern/tendency of transnational threats; real state of drug, organized crime, and human trafficking in North Korea; human security approach and international cooperation measures to resolve transnational threats, and conclusion.
In addition to the traditional military threats, the nature of today’s changing security threats can be summed up as being complicated and multifarious due to the increase of transnational and non-military threats. In particular, transnational threats (for example, NK defectors, drug, organized crime, and human trafficking) transcend national boundaries and sovereignty so that a country alone cannot resolve these threats. North Korean regime has been involved in the production and trafficking of illicit drugs. Many North Korean defectors in China become victims of human trafficking as well as forced labor. The problem of North Korean defectors has been a major issue, the living conditions and human rights situation of the defectors are not improving.
In short, we need more efficient human security approach and international cooperation measures to resolve transnational threats in North Korea such as NK defectors, drug, organized crime, and human trafficking. We have to do our best to reduce and remove various transnational threats including transnational organized crimes associated with drug and human trafficking, etc.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 전대양, "현대사회와 범죄" 형설출판사 2002

2 김성한, "한미동맹의 현황과 미래비전" 한국전략문제연구소 17 (17): 37-65, 2010

3 이신화, "탈북자와 인간안보" (여름) : 2001

4 이금순, "탈북 여성의 제3국 체류 현황과 과제"

5 신의기, "초국가적 조직범죄에 대한 유엔의 대처" 12 (12): 2008

6 조성권, "초국가적 위협: 경향과 전망" Jeju Peace Institute 2009

7 온종림, "중(中) 조폭들, 탈북자들 마약 운반 이용"

8 국방부, "주요 국방정책 용어"

9 주간조선, "주간조선"

10 Daum 백과사전, "조직범죄"

11 윤여상, "재외 탈북자의 인권현황과 대책" 부산외국어대학교 26 : 2001-, 2001

12 윤여상, "재외 탈북자들의 실태와 인권현황"

13 자유북한방송, "자유북한방송"

14 Daum백과사전, "인신매매"

15 연합뉴스, "연합뉴스"

16 통일부, "알림마당: 북한이탈주민정책"

17 김병남, "안보란 무엇인가" 한울아카데미 2011

18 국방대학교, "안보관계용어집"

19 윤흥희, "북한이탈주민의 마약류 범죄 실태와 대책" 2010

20 연합뉴스, "미국, 북한 10년 연속 '인신매매 최악국' 지정"

21 정이나, "미(美), 북(北) 인신매매 실태 '최악' 분류"

22 강의영, "미(美), 북(北) 10년째 '인신매매 최악국' 지정"

23 한용섭, "마약ㆍ조직범죄ㆍ해적 등 동남아의 초국가적 위협에 대한 지역적 협력방안" 대외경제정책연구원 2010

24 이근, "동아시아 환경안보" 오름 2005

25 양민제, "궁핍한 탈북자들 마약의 늪에 빠져 신음"

26 신의기, "국제적 조직범죄의 위협과 국제사회의 대응방안" 경희대학교 인류사회재건연구원 22 (22): 2007

27 국가정보원, "국제범죄 대응정책 연구논총" 창간호 2005

28 차영구, "국방정책의 이론과 실제" 오름 2002

29 김수암, "국가인권백서 2012" 통일연구원 2012

30 카젠스타인, "국가안보에 대한 새로운 시각" 국방대학원 안보문제 연구소 1999

31 U.S. Department of States, "Trafficking in Persons Report 2012"

32 U.S. State Department, "The Status of North Korean Asylum Seekers and the U.S. Government Policy Toward Them"

33 United Nations, "The Impact of Organized Criminal Activities upon Society at Large"

34 Robinson, "Population Estimation of North Korean Refugees and Migrants and Children Born to North Korean Women in Northeast China"

35 International Crisis Group, "Perilous Journeys: The Plight of North Koreans in China and Beyond" 2006

36 Baldwin, David A, "Neorealism and Neoliberalism: The Contemporary Debate" Columbia University Press 1993

37 Chang, Yoonok, "Migration Experiences of North Korean Refugees: Survey Evidence from China" Peterson Institute for International Economics 2008

38 Kim, Tae-hyo, "Limits and Possibilities of ROK-U.S.-Japan Security Cooperation: Balancing Strategic Interests and Perceptions" 10 (10): 2002

39 Kim, Sung-Han, "Human Security and Regional Cooperation in the Asia-Pacific" 1 : 1999

40 국방부, "2010 국방백서" 국방부 2010