정보처리과정의 편파와 의사결정: Hidden Profile 패러다임을 이용한 집단 의사결정의 연구 = Bias in Information Processing and Decision Making: A Study of Group Decision Making by Hidden Profile Paradigm

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Although groups have potentials of superior decision making than individuals on the basis of diverse sources and therefore a more complete information base, they do not always make better decisions than individuals. The present study examined influence of biased information processing on decision making. We regarded the process of decision making of individuals and of groups as a single continuous process. It was assumed that at each stage of decision making, the biased information processing would eventually impact on the quality of decision negatively. As factors which affect the quality of decision making, are included such as bias in information sampling, evaluating, integrating up to choosing the correct option, and bias in information exchanging and integrating in group decision making. Result suggested that individuals focus on a small number of subjective important informations for decision rather than use all given informations; moreover intuitive information processing enables better decision than systematic processing. Furthermore, not all informations are exchanged equivalent in group discussion, instead, shared informations are mentioned more frequently and deemed more important than unshared. It showed also confirmatory bias for the information which is consistent with the initial decision. Based on the result of the above study, some ways to improve group decision making are discussed.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 연구는 정보처리 과정의 편파가 의사결정에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 살펴보았다. 개인의 정보처리와 집단의 정보처리를 하나의 연속적인 과정으로 이해하고 각 단계에서 나타나는 정보처리 편파가 궁극적으로 집단의 의사결정의 질에 부정적으로 작용하는지 조사하였다. 개인적 정보처리의 편파로는 정보표집, 정보평가, 정보통합의 문제를 그리고 집단 단위에서는 정보교환과 의사결정의 문제들을 살펴보고 이들이 결과적으로 집단의 의사결정에 어떻게 연관되는지 알아보았다. 연구 결과 개인은 주어진 모든 정보를 다 이용하지 않고 주관적으로 중요한 소수의 정보를 중심으로 의사결정을 하며, 체계적 정보처리보다 직관적 정보처리가 더 우수한 의사결정을 가능케 하는 것으로 나타났다. 집단의 의사결정에서도 정보처리의 편파가 나타나 집단토론 시에 모든 정보가 동등하게 교환되지 않고, 공유정보를 비공유정보보다 더 빈번히 언급하고 더 중요한 것으로 판단하며, 또한 초기 의사결정을 고수하려는 확증편파도 나타났다. 위의 연구 결과를 바탕으로 개인 및 집단의 의사결정의 과정의 문제들을 개관하였으며 이를 통해 집단의 의사결정의 질을 향상시킬 수 있는 대처방안을 모색해 보았다.

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