Sustainable communities : the potential for eco-neighbourhoods

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• Origins = ⅸ
• Preface and Guide to the Book = ⅹ
• Foreword / by Jed Griffiths = xiii
• The Contributors = xiv
• Figures, Tables and Boxes = xvii
• Acronyms and Abbreviations = xx
• Acknowledgements = xxi
• PART Ⅰ : SETTING THE SCENE
• 1 Conflicting Perceptions of Neighbourhood / by Hugh Barton = 3
• Introduction = 3
• Neighbourhood and Community = 4
• Sustainable Development = 6
• Visions of a Sustainable Locality = 10
• The Death of Neighbourhood = 12
• Official Policy = 14
• Accidental Towns = 16
• The Agenda for Debate = 17
• 2 Eco-Villages : Dream and Reality / by Nigel Taylor = 19
• Introduction : Villages, Localities and Environmental Sustainability = 19
• Historical Background : Villages, Neighbourhoods and Communities in Town Planning Thought and Practice = 21
• The Fragmentation of Locality-Based Forms of Life in the Circumstances of Modernity = 23
• 'Think Globally, Act Globally' (As Well as Locally) = 26
• 3 Unsustainable Settlements / by Dominic Stead = 29
• Introduction = 29
• Unsustainable Land Use Trends = 29
• Environmental Impacts of Recent Planning Trends = 33
• Reversing Current Land Use and Environmental Trends = 38
• Conclusions = 44
• PART Ⅱ : RETHINKING THE NEIGHBOURHOOD OPTION
• 4 Do Neighbourhoods Matter? / by Hugh Barton = 49
• Introduction = 49
• Losing Locality = 50
• Needing Neighbourhoods = 51
• Counter Arguments = 59
• Do People Use Local Facilities? = 60
• Does Local Use Reduce Trip Lengths and Car Dependence? = 62
• The Impact of Design Measures = 64
• Conclusion = 65
• 5 Innovative Eco-Neighbourhood Projects / by Hugh Barton ; Deborah Kleiner = 66
• Introduction = 66
• The Search for Exemplary Projects = 66
• Categorising Eco-Neighbourhoods = 69
• Evaluation = 81
• Conclusions = 84
• 6 The Neighbourhood as Ecosystem / by Hugh Barton = 86
• Introduction = 86
• The Ecosystem Approach = 87
• Social Capital and Housing Mix = 90
• Access to Work and Services = 93
• Movement and the Public Realm = 97
• Local Resource Management = 99
• Functional Integration = 103
• 7 Urban Form and Locality / by Hugh Barton = 105
• Introduction = 105
• Dispersal Versus Concentration = 106
• The Location of Neighbourhoods = 109
• Mixed Use Development = 112
• Local Densities = 115
• Conclusion : Linear Concentration = 119
• 8 The Design of Neighbourhoods / by Hugh Barton = 123
• Vexed Terms and Traditional Concepts of Form = 123
• Neighbourhood Size = 125
• Neighbourhood Identity = 127
• Social Identity and Home-Zones = 128
• Open and Closed Neighbourhoods = 130
• The Urban Continuum = 132
• Shaping Neighbourhoods = 134
• The Open Space Network = 138
• Conclusion : Cellular and Fuzzy Neighbourhoods = 139
• Case Study of Hulme, Manchester by Richard Guise = 141
• PART Ⅲ : COMMUNITY AND SUBSIDIARITY
• 9 Design for Living : The Challenge of Sustainable Communities / by Alison Gilchrist = 147
• Introduction - The Changing Nature of 'Community' = 147
• Complexity and Sustainability = 150
• The Development of Community = 152
• Case Study of Easton, Inner City Neighbourhood = 154
• Community Governance and Democratic Renewal = 158
• 10 Leading from Below : The Contribution of Community-Based Initiatives / by Janet Rowe ; Celia Robbins = 160
• Introduction = 160
• The Community Context : Capacity Building = 161
• Case Study 1 : The Waste Reduction in the Community Project = 164
• Case Study 2 : Stroud Local Exchange and Trading Scheme (LETS) = 169
• Discussion = 172
• 11 Community Governance / by Murray Stewart = 176
• Introduction = 176
• The Scope for Community Governance = 178
• Community and Democracy = 179
• The Pressures for Community Governance = 180
• Community and Neighbourhood Management = 181
• Local Government Decentralization and Community Governance = 183
• Community Leadership = 184
• Conclusion = 186
• PART Ⅳ : MANAGING RESOURCES LOCALLY
• 12 The Community Energy Utility / by Trevor Houghton = 189
• The Changing Organization and Ownership of Energy Supply = 189
• The Community Utility Versus the Conventional Utility = 191
• Sustainable Energy Resources in Sustainable Communities = 191
• Environmental Responsibility = 192
• Social Responsibility = 194
• The Local Economy = 195
• Barriers to the Community Energy Utility = 196
• Conclusion = 198
• 13 The Food Producing Neighbourhood / by Rob Hopkins = 199
• Introduction = 199
• Why Grow Food in Towns? = 199
• Approaching Sustainable Food Strategies = 201
• Feeding the Neighbourhood = 204
• Considerations for Designers = 212
• Management Issues Arising = 213
• Conclusion = 214
• 14 Planning Local Movement Systems / by Tony Hathway = 216
• More Movement at a Price = 216
• Policies and Targets for a Better Future = 218
• Understanding Local Movement Patterns = 219
• Planning for Non-Motorized and Motorized Transport Options = 221
• Cooperation and Coordination = 228
• 15 Community Safety and Actual Neighbourhoods / by Henry Shaftoe = 230
• Introduction : Crime and Locality = 230
• Why is There Less Crime in Rural Areas? = 232
• Can We Recreate Rural Qualities in Urban Environments? = 235
• Boundaries and Edges = 237
• Case Studies = 239
• Summary and Key Principles = 243
• 16 Towards Sustainable Communities / by Hugh Barton = 246
• General Conclusions = 246
• Community Decision-Making = 247
• Shifting Hearts and Minds = 248
• Reorientating the Planning System = 249
• Changing Government Policy = 251
• Rounding Off = 252
• Appendix 1 : Survey of Eco-Neighbourhoods World-Wide / by Deborah Kleiner ; Hugh Barton = 253
• Appendix 2 : Case Studies of Eco-Neighbourhoods / by Deborah Kleiner = 268
• Bibliography = 283
• Index = 299