유형론의 관점에서 본 영어의 격 = The English Case Based on the Typological Approach

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper aims to survey the various aspects of the case and to trace how the English case system follows the universal typology. It is well observed that each language has a unique case system, but we are able to find out some meaningful generalizations on the basis of the typological approach. Cases can be analysed as follows: first, according to their case ending markers, languages can be divided into two categories by their patterns -case languages and caseless languages. Languages can also be classified accusative, ergative, tripartite and neutral languages as how each related to the S(subject), A(agent), and O(object). There are three different ways to designate the case; by word order, NP-marking and cross-reference. English belongs to the caseless language which realizes the case by word-order rather than NP-marking. It is also an accusative language since its S and A are the same form. Language that uses the head-markers, it is known as a head-marking(HM) language while the language that uses the dependent markers, it is classified as a dependent -marking(DM) language. English is a strong DM language. In addition, Primus` split case hierarchy can help to clear up the confusion between the syntactic and semantic differences of the case. A few non-canonical case markings were also shown from many languages including English.