근대중국의 國祖 認識과 민족문제 = Chinese Recognition of Fire Emperor, Yellow Emperor and Nation in Modern Times

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study is to analysis the change of the character of the Fire Emperor(炎帝) and Yellow Emperor(黃帝) who have been respected by Chinese as Founder from ancient time to modern time. Fire Emperor was respected as the inventor of chinese agricultural civilization by nomadic dynasties in proper China, needless to say, by all the Chinese people and Chinese dynasties. Yellow Emperor was respected as the founder of country. Chinese people recognized Yellow Emperor as a hero of making ancient Chinese nation and bureaucracy. These two aspects are the most important facts of Yellow Emperor as country founder which are not found in the character of Fire Emperor. Yellow Emperor and Fire Emperor held the character of the inventor of chinese agricultural civilization in common. This aspect is the most important to Fire Emperor, but secondary to Yellow Emperor. As a result, Chinese People in traditional time thought of Fire Emperor as the inventor of agricultural civilization, Yellow Emperor as the founder of country. Such recognition was changed in modern time. European imperialism occurred to this transition. How to opposite to European imperialism, how to achieve anti-Manchu revolution, these two things are the most difficult problems which Chinese people must solve in modern times. Chinese revolutionist made use of the character of Yellow Emperor the founder Chinese nation as the symbol of anti-Manchu revolution. Thus Yellow Emperor still respected by Chinese people in modern times. But Fire Emperor the inventor of Chinese agricultural civilization was forgotten in modern times because of his Character. In modern times, a lot of Chinese people looked down on Chinese traditional civilization. But they were eager to learn European civilization.

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