조선시대 간의대 천문관측기기 개발자 = MANUFACTURERS OF ASTRONOMICAL INSTRUMENTS INVENTED DURING THE GANUI-DAE PROJECT IN JOSEON DYNASTY

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

We study the manufacturers of the astronomical instruments invented as part of the so-called Ganui-Dae (astronomical platform) project in the reign of King Sejong (1418-1450) of the Joseon dynasty. The main purpose of this project was to compile the Chiljeongsan-Naepyeon, a Korean calendar, that lasted for 5.5 years from 1432 to 1438. Through this project, a total of 17 astronomical instruments such as the armillary sphere, celestial globe, and auto-striking clepsydra were developed. It is generally known that most of them were manufactured by Lee Cheon (李蕆, 1376-1451) and Jang Yeong-Sil (蔣英實, fl. 1423-1442). In this study, we investigate the accounts of the Veritable Records of King Sejong, Munjong, and Sejo, focusing on the inscription written out to memorize the completion of the Ganui-Dae project. We found that at least 12 persons took part in manufacturing the astronomical instruments of the Ganui-Dae project. Lee Cheon was involved in the production of four instruments, while Jang Yeong-Sil was involved in two; therefore, it seems that the achievement of Jang Yeong-Sil was overestimated. We also found that Jeong Cho (鄭招, ?-1434) was a scientist and Lee Cheon was an engineer in the early phase of the Ganui-Dae project, while King Sejong and Yi Sun-Ji (李純之, 1406-1465) played major role in the late phase. According to our study, King Sejong and Yi Sun-Ji were involved in the production of at least seven and five instruments, respectively. In conclusion, we believe that this study will be helpful to understand the practical manufacturers of the astronomical instruments invented during the Ganui-Dae project in the Joseon dynasty.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 이용삼, "세종시대 창제된 천문관측의기 소간의(小簡儀)" 한국우주과학회 19 (19): 231-242, 2002

2 김성진, "記錄文에 대한 想像的 接近의 일례 ―장영실 관련 기록을 중심으로―" 동양한문학회 27 (27): 5-38, 2008

3 Jeon S. U., "Time, Clock, and History" Wolgan-Sigyesa 45-122, 1994

4 Mihn, B. -H., "Study on the Astronomical Instruments and Calendars in Early Joseon Dynasty" Chungbuk National University 2016

5 Lee, Y. S., "Structure and Instructions of Ganui During the Reign of King Sejong" 93 : 159-, 1996

6 Compilation Committee of the Korean History of Astronomy, "Sonam Yu Gyeong-Ro’s Posthumous Papers – Study on the Korean History of Astronomy" Nokdu 15-18, 1999

7 민병희, "Scale Marking Method on the Circumference of Circle Elements for Astronomical Instruments in the Early Joseon Dynasty" 한국우주과학회 32 (32): 63-71, 2015

8 Jeon S. U., "New Perception of Korean History of Science" Yonsei University Press 138-413, 1998

9 Lee E. H., "Kukjo Yeoksanggo (Compendium of Heavenly System and Astronomical Instruments in Joseon Dynasty)" Somyeong Press 117-193, 2004

10 Nam, M. H., "Korean Water-Clocks" Konkuk University Press 77-121, 1995

11 Nam, M. H., "Jang Yeong-Shil and the Striking Clepsydra Jagyeongnoo" Seoul National University Press 23-123, 2002

12 Kim S. H., "Inference on the Arrangement and Scale of the Ganuidae in the Joseon Dynasty" 26 : 115-, 2011

13 Nha, I. S., "History of Astronomy in Korea" Seoul National University Press 105-156, 2000

14 Nam, M. H., "Ganuidae Observatory: Its Past and Present – Restoration and Utilization of Science and Technology Related Cultural Heritage of Gyeongbokgung" 2 : 84-, 2008

15 이용삼, "Family of the Sun-and-Stars Time-Determining Instruments (Ilseong-jeongsi-ui) Invented During the Joseon Dynasty" 한국우주과학회 33 (33): 237-246, 2016

16 이민수, "A Study on Ganui-Dae’s External Form and Its Modeling for Restoration" 한국우주과학회 30 (30): 299-305, 2013

17 Mihn, B. -H., "A Development History and Structural Feature Of Sogyupyo in the Joseon Dynasty" 26 : 129-, 2011