On the Clause-Controlled PRO in English

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The Linguistic Association of Korea Journal, 16(3), 119-142. This article explores the type of overt arguments that can act as a controller, on the basis of grammatical or semantic functions of a nonfinite clause, and shows that not only an NP but also a clause serves as a controller of PRO. Interestingly enough, PRO, which is controlled by a clause, does not occur in an infinitival clause and a gerundival clause but just in a participial clause, more specifically in a result participial clause. This study also addresses the directionality of referential dependence between PRO and its controller. When its interpretation is dependent on NPs, PRO usually precedes or follows its controller. It allows a bidirectional control. When it is dependent on a clause as its interpretational referent, however, PRO must be preceded by its clause controller. It allows only a unidirectional left-to-right control. The opposite is disallowed.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Williams,E, "Williams, E. (1992). Adjunct control. In R. K. Larson, S. Iatridou, U. Lahiri & J. Higginbotham (Eds.), Control and grammar (297-322). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers"

2 Abney,S.P, "The English noun phrase in its sentential aspect" Indiana University 1987

3 Aarts,B, "Small clauses in English: The non-verbal types" New York: M. de Gruyter 1992

4 Milsark,G.L, "Singl-ing" 19 (19): 611-634, 1988

5 Lakoff, G, "Pronominalization, negation, and the analysis of adverbs Readings in English transformational grammar" MA: Ginn and Company 145-165, 1970

6 Williams,E, "Predication" 11 (11): 203-238, 1980

7 Farkas,D.F, "On obligatory control" 11 (11): 27-58, 1988

8 Hornstein, N, "On control in : Minimalist syntax" MA: Blackwell Pub 6-81, 2003

9 Manzini,M.R, "On control and control theory" 14 (14): 421-446, 1983

10 Boeckx, C., "On (non-)obligatory control" In New horizons in the Analysis of Control and Raising 251-262, 2007

11 Hornstein,N, "Movement and control" 30 (30): 69-96, 1999

12 Whelpton,M, "Locality and control with infinitives of result" 10 (10): 167-210, 2002

13 Chomsky,N, "Lectures on government and binding: The Pisa lectures" Mouton de Gruyter. 1981

14 Chomsky,N, "Knowledge of language:Its nature,origin,and use" Praeger. 1986

15 Haegeman,L, "Introduction to government and binding theory (2nd ed.). Oxford, UK ; Cambridge" USA: B. Blackwell 1994

16 Bresnan,J, "Control and complementation" 13 (13): 343-434, 1982

17 Ross,J.R, "Constraints on variables in syntax. Unpublished Massachusetts Institute of Technology" of Modern Languages and Linguistics 1967

18 Chierchia, G, "Chierchia, G. (1984). Anaphoric properties of infinitives and gerunds. In L. West Coast Conference on Formal, M. Cobler, S. MacKaye & M. T. Wescoat (Eds.), Proceedings of the West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics, Vol 3. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford L"

19 Chierchia, G, "Chierchia, G. (1983). Outline of a semantic theory of (obligatory) control. In M. Barlow, D. P. Flickinger & M. T. Wescoat (Eds.), Proceedings of the West Coast Conference on formal linguistics (pp. 19-31). Stanford, CA: Stanford Linguistics Association ("

20 Quirk, R, "A Comprehensive grammar of the English language" New York: Longman 1985