영화 <케스>가 보여주는 희망 없는 녀석의 열정과 절망 = Portrait of a working-class teenager in the 1960s in Kes

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This article examines a working-class teenage school boy Billy Casper`s struggle to survive in Ken Loach(b.1936)`s coming-of-age film Kes(1969) in light of Rousseau`s discussion on education. Rousseau defines education as the art of forming men, and implies with ‘plants are fashioned by cultivation, man by education’. Considering Rousseau`s naturalistic philosophy that man should follow his own inner feelings and natural tendencies, this essay aims at showing how the lack of home discipline and the collective state educational policy without concern for individuality in Kes fail the boys. Based on Barry Hines` novel A Kestrel for a Knave(1968), Loach observes the working class people`s hopeless life without much sympathy on them. The film describes Billy`s depressing life in the mining village of Yorkshire. Billy`s family lack unity and discipline. Billy`s single mother Mrs Casper is more interested in searching for a man who she and her sons can depend on. Jud, Billy`s half-brother bullies him; at school Billy is bullied by his peers and teachers. The teachers are only interested in taming of the boys with their physical power over the boys. The state school education system in Britain in the 1960s, which advocated learning for everyone, seems to be overstated. Billy`s hopeless life shines for temporary while he was training a kes (kestrel) he found. The classroom Mr Farthing charges and the open space of the green field where Billy trains the kes become the public sphere which Habermas insists. There, without any oppression or violence, Billy`s sincere and honest revelation of his experience of the kes training resonates the class and the teacher. Billy the speaker and the students and the teacher as the listeners able to develop in-depth communicate. The film is seen as tragic caused by Billy`s violent Jud kills the kes. However, through the training of kes, Billy internalizes confidence and becomes mature, which he shows during the presentations to the class and Mr Farthing.

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