포트폴리오 다양성으로 본 자동차 산업 공급전략 유형: 중국 완성차 공급네트워크를 중심으로 = A Typology of Supply Strategy in Auto Industry from a Portfolio Diversity Perspective: China’s Auto Supply Network Case

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Competition and technological change in the auto industry are rapidly progressing. In the auto industry, it is essential to categorize suppliers and identify their strategic roles, as they are critical to NPD and cost competitiveness. One supplier can transact with multiple automakers and supply a diverse product portfolio. The types of supply strategies that reflect various trade relationships on the demand side and technological diversity on the supply side are presented. The supplier's strategies are divided into four categories based on alliance portfolio diversity and product portfolio diversity: DS(Dedicated Specialist), DG(Dedicated Generalist), MS(Multi- relational Specialist), MG(Multi-relational Generalist). As a result of cluster analysis applied to the Chinese auto industry data for 10 years, it was clearly divided into the presented four clusters, and significant differences between the clusters were identified in the portfolio diversity indices. The cluster with the largest number of suppliers was the DS strategy. The DS is a strategy to gain cost competitiveness by supplying a single part based on trust with an automaker. On the other hand, the MG is a strategy to supply various products to various automakers, and it was confirmed that the search cost can be reduced by supplying various parts with related technologies.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

자동차 산업의 경쟁과 기술변화는 급속도로 진행되고 있다. 자동차 산업에서 공급업체는 신제품 개발과 원가 경쟁력 확보에 있어 중요한 역할을 하는 동반자이며 조력자다. 이러한 상황에서 공급업체의 유형을 구분하고 전략적 역할을 밝혀내는 작업은 필수적이다. 하나의 공급업체는 여러 완성차업체와 거래할 수 있으며 다양한 제품 포트폴리오를 공급할 수 있다. 이러한 수요 측면에서의 다양한 거래 관계와 공급 측면에서의 기술적 다양성을 반영한 공급전략 유형을 제시하였다. 공급업체의 공급전략을 제휴 포트폴리오 다양성과 제품 포트폴리오 다양성이라는 두 축을 기준으로 네 가지 - DS (Designated Specialist), DG (Designated Generalist), MS (Multi-relational Specialist), MG (Multi-relational Generalist) - 로 유형화했다. 10년 동안의 중국 자동차 산업 데이터에 적용하여 군집분석을 한 결과 제시한 네 군집으로 명확히 구분되었으며, 다양성 지표에 있어 군집 간 유의한 차이를 확인할 수 있었다. 가장 많은 수의 공급업체가 속한 군집은 DS 전략이었다. DS 전략은 완성차업체와의 신뢰를 바탕으로 단일한 부품을 납품함으로써 원가 경쟁력을 확보하는 전략이다. 반면 MG 전략은 다양한 완성차업체에 다양한 제품을 납품하는 전략인데, 연관된 기술을 가진 다양한 부품을 공급함으로써 탐색에 드는 비용을 줄일 수 있음을 확인하였다.

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