살인과 자살의 문화적 사회구조적 원인 = 머튼의 아노미이론 검증을 위한 국가간 비교 연구

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 논문은 살인율과 자살률에서 나타나는 국가간 변이의 문화적, 사회구조적 원인을 연구한다. 머튼(Merton)의 아노미이론에서 문화는 핵심적 요소임에도 불구하고, 문화가 일탈에 미치는 영향에 대한 기존의 거시적 연구는 거의 전무한 실정이다. 본 논문은 세계 가치관 조사(World Values Survey) 자료를 이용하여, 아노미이론에서 핵심적 변인인 경제 성공 문화를 조작화하고 그 효과를 살펴본다. 또한 이 자료를 통해서 가족통합과 종교 통합이라는 변인을 문화적 차원에서 측정하여 사용한다. 이 세 변인들은 다수의 지표들에 의해 측정되어질 수 있는 잠재적 변인으로 다루어진다. 좀더 근대적인 사회 통합의 기제로 개념화되어질 수 있는 사회 신뢰도와 시민단체 참여도 또한 세계 가치관 조사 자료를 통해서 측정한다. 불평등은 소득 불평등과 인종이나 민족에 따른 경제적 차별이라는 두 가지 차원에서 각각 측정되었다. 통계적 방법으로는 확인적 요인 분석(CFA) 그리고 데이터의 특성상 시계열 횡단면 통합 분석(pooled crosssectional time series analysis) 기법의 하나인 무작위 효과 모형(random-effects model)을 사용하였다. 머튼의 아노미이론을 검증하기 위해서 본 논문은 경제 성공 추구 문화, 불평등, 그리고 이 두 변인들간의 상호작용이 살인율과 자살률에 미치는 영향에 주목하고, 다음의 분석 결과를 제시한다. 첫째, 경제적 성공을 강조하는 문화는 살인율을 증가시키는 반면 자살률은 감소시키는 경향이 있다. 둘째, 경제적 차별은 살인율을 증가시키는 한편, 소득 불평등은 자살률을 증가시키는 경향이 있다. 셋째, 자살률에 대한 소득 불평등과 경제 성공 추구 문화간의 상호작용 효과는 발견되지 않았다. 넷째, 하지만 살인율에 대한 경제 성공 추구 문화의 효과는 경제적 차별의 정도가 증가함에 따라 약화된다. 이는 불평등의 정도가 커감에 따라 경제적 성공에의 기대치가 낮아지는 데에 기인하는 것으로 설명되어질 수 있다고 본다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper examines cultural and social-structural causes of cross-national variation in homicide and suicide. Despite the fact that culture is a key element in Merton’s anomie theory, previous cross-national studies failed to examine the effect of culture. Using World Value Survey data, this research operationalizes economic success culture. Moreover, the data provide cultural measures of family and religious integration. These three predictors are treated as latent variable with multiple indicators. Measures of civic institutions -trust and participation in voluntary organizations- are also obtained from World Value Survey data. As for inequality, this research employs two measures: income inequality and economic discrimination. To test Merton’s theory, the present study examines the effects of economic success culture, inequality, and the interaction between the two. The findings suggest that 1) cultures that emphasize economic success increase the homicide rate, while reducing the suicide rate, 2) economic discrimination increases the homicide rate, while income inequality increases the suicide rate, 3) there is no interaction effect on the suicide rate of economic success culture and income inequality, and 4) the effect of economic success culture on the homicide rate is weaker as the level of economic discrimination increases.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 머리말
• Ⅱ. 머튼의 아노미이론
• Ⅲ. 기존의 연구들
• Ⅳ. 연구가설
• Ⅴ. 연구방법
• Ⅵ. 분석 결과
• Ⅶ. 맺는 말
• 참고문헌
• 〈부록〉
• ENGLISH ABSTRACTS

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