치과용 세라믹 수복재료에 대한 검토 및 최신 동향 = Review and latest trends of dental ceramic restorative materials

국문 초록 (Abstract)

치아의 손상과 상실로 인한 형태적 및 기능적 수복을 위해서 보철치료가 시행되고 있다. 환자들의 심미적 요구가 증가하면서자연치아와 유사한 색조와 반투명성을 갖는 세라믹 재료에 대한 관심이 증가되었다. 최근에는 세라믹 재료의 제조 및 가공 기술이 크게 개선되면서 치과용 세라믹 재료의 시장이 빠르게 성장하고 있다. 본 문헌적 검토와 평가의 목적은 심미성이 우수하고 파절 저항성을 갖는 치과용 세라믹 재료의 분류와 그 특성에 대한 정보를 제공하는 것이다. 본 원고에서는 다음과 같이 분류하고 있다: I) 치과용 포세린; II) 소결성 올-세라믹; III) 주조용 글라스-세라믹; IV) 글라스 침투 알루미나 세라믹; V) 열가압성형용 글라스-세라믹 잉곳; Vl) CAD/CAM용 블록; Vll) CAD/3D 프린팅용 세라믹. 치과용 세라믹 재료와 이를 활용한 수복물 제작방식은 지난 10여년에 걸쳐서 크게 발전하였다. 그 결과, 수복물의 제작 방식은 분말형 재료의 적층 소성이나 열가압성형 단계로부터 CAD/CAM 기술에 의한 단일 및 다층 블록의 절삭 가공 단계를 거쳐서 CAD/3D 프린팅 기술의 도입에 이르게 되었다. 본원고에서는 치과 수복물의 제작에 이용되고 있는 세라믹 재료의 종류 및 그의 장단점에 대하여 검토해보고자 한다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Prosthodontic treatment is being performed for morphology and functional restoration due to damage and loss of teeth. As the aesthetic demands of patients increase, interest in ceramic materials with shades and translucency similar to natural teeth has increased.
Recently, the manufacturing and processing technology of ceramic materials has greatly improved, and the market for dental ceramic materials is growing rapidly. The purpose of this literature review and evaluation is to provide information on the classification and properties of dental ceramic materials with excellent aesthetics and fracture resistance. In this article, it is classified as follows: I) Dental porcelain; II) Sinterable all-ceramic; III) Glass-ceramic for casting; IV) Glass-infiltrated alumina ceramic; V) Glass-ceramic ingots for heat-pressing technique; Vl) Blocks for CAD/CAM; Vll) Ceramic for CAD/3D printing. Dental ceramic materials and their restoration manufacturing methods have evolved significantly over the past decade. As a result, the manufacturing method of restorations has progressed from the layered firing technique of powdered materials or heat-pressing technique to the cutting and processing of single and multi-layer blocks using CAD/CAM technology, leading to the introduction of CAD/3D printing technology. In this manuscript, we will review the types of ceramic materials used in the fabrication of dental restorations and their advantages and disadvantages.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Kirsch C, "Trueness of four different milling procedures used in dental CAD/CAM systems" 21 : 551-558, 2017

2 Chung K, "The effects of repeated heat-pressing on properties of pressable glassceramics" 36 (36): 132-141, 2009

3 Mackert Jr J, "The effect of the leucite transformation on dental porcelain expansion" 2 (2): 32-36, 1986

4 Naji GAH, "The effect of sodalite zeolite infiltrated material on the fracture toughness, elastic modulus and optical properties of all-ceramic dental prostheses" 42 (42): 18737-18746, 2016

5 Malament KA, "Survival of Dicor glassceramic dental restorations over 14 years : Part I. Survival of Dicor complete coverage restorations and effect of internal surface acid etching, tooth position, gender, and age" 81 (81): 23-32, 1999

6 Purushothaman S, "Strengthening of ceramics : a review" 13 (13): 28-30, 2023

7 Ullah M, "Shaping the future of cardiovascular disease by 3D printing applications in stent technology and its clinical outcomes" 102039-, 2023

8 Omar R, "Scanning electron microscopy of the marginal fit of ceramometal restorations with facially butted porcelain margins" 58 (58): 13-19, 1987

9 Moshaverinia A, "Review of the modern dental ceramic restorative materials for esthetic dentistry in the minimally invasive age" 64 (64): 621-631, 2020

10 Heffernan MJ, "Relative translucency of six all-ceramic systems. Part II : core and veneer materials" 88 (88): 10-15, 2002

11 Cho MH, "Optical properties, microstructure, and phase fraction of multi-layered monolithic zirconia with and without yttria-gradient" 16 (16): 41-, 2022

12 Zhang Y, "Novel zirconia materials in dentistry" 97 (97): 140-147, 2018

13 Phark JH, "Microstructural considerations for novel lithium disilicate glass ceramics : A review" 34 (34): 92-103, 2022

14 Wolf WD, "Mechanical properties and failure analysis of alumina-glass dental composites" 79 (79): 1769-1776, 1996

15 Charlton DG, "Measurement of select physical and mechanical properties of 3machinable ceramic materials" 39 (39): 2008

16 Goldin EB, "Marginal fit of leucite-glass pressable ceramic restorations and ceramic-pressed-to-metal restorations" 93 (93): 143-147, 2005

17 Contrepois M, "Marginal adaptation of ceramic crowns : a systematic review" 110 (110): 447-454, 2013

18 Chevalier J, "Low-temperature degradation of zirconia and implications for biomedical implants" 37 : 1-32, 2007

19 Nawafleh N, "Lithium disilicate restorations fatigue testing parameters : a systematic review" 25 (25): 116-126, 2016

20 Mavriqi L, "Lithium disilicate and zirconia reinforced lithium silicate glass-ceramics for CAD/CAM dental restorations : biocompatibility, mechanical and microstructural properties after crystallization" 119 : 104054-, 2022

21 Piché PW, "Leucite content of selected dental porcelains" 28 (28): 603-609, 1994

22 Ho GW, "Insights on ceramics as dental materials. Part I: ceramic material types in dentistry" 3 : 109-115, 2011

23 Zhao K, "Influence of veneer application on fracture behavior of lithium-disilicate-based ceramic crowns" 28 (28): 653-660, 2012

24 Santos MO, "Influence of translucence/opacity and shade in the flexural strength of lithium disilicate ceramics" 18 (18): 394-, 2015

25 Johansson E, "Influence of resin composition on the defect formation in alumina manufactured by stereolithography" 10 (10): 138-, 2017

26 Tanaka CB, "Influence of residual thermal stresses on the edge chipping resistance of PFM and veneered zirconia structures : Experimental and FEA study" 35 (35): 344-355, 2019

27 Beuer F, "In vitro performance of full-contour zirconia single crowns" 28 (28): 449-456, 2012

28 Beerli M, "Improved ceramic veneer restoration : using the IPS e. max Press Impulse for great results" 39 (39): 16-18, 2014

29 Beuer F, "High-strength CAD/CAMfabricated veneering material sintered to zirconia copings—a new fabrication mode for all-ceramic restorations" 25 (25): 121-128, 2009

30 Badawy R, "Fracture toughness of chairside CAD/CAM materials–Alternative loading approach for compact tension test" 32 (32): 847-852, 2016

31 Giordano II RA, "Flexural strength of an infused ceramic, glass ceramic, and feldspathic porcelain" 73 (73): 411-418, 1995

32 Osilo G, "Flexural strength and internal defects of some dental porcelains" 46 (46): 313-322, 1988

33 Yilmaz H, "Flexural strength and fracture toughness of dental core ceramics" 98 (98): 120-128, 2007

34 Wu X, "Failure morphology of all-ceramic prostheses" 31 (31): 494-498, 2012

35 McLean JW, "Evolution of dental ceramics in the twentieth century" 85 (85): 61-66, 2001

36 Dimitriadis K, "Evaluation of robocasting process in the layering of dental feldspathic porcelain in metalceramic restorations" 2023

37 Lim CH, "Evaluation of fracture strength for single crowns made of the different types of lithium disilicate glass–ceramics" 108 (108): 231-239, 2020

38 Hamouda IM, "Evaluation of an experimental dental porcelain" 3 (3): 610-618, 2010

39 Jang YS, "Effects of liner-bonding of implant-supported glass–ceramic crown to zirconia abutment on bond strength and fracture resistance" 12 (12): 2798-, 2019

40 Kim JH, "Effect of the crystallization process on the marginal and internal gaps of lithium disilicate CAD/CAM crowns" 2016 : 2016

41 Bayindir F, "Effect of number of firings on the color and translucency of ceramic core materials with veneer ceramic of different thicknesses" 119 (119): 152-158, 2018

42 Jang YS, "Effect of lithium disilicate reinforced liner treatment on bond and fracture strengths of bilayered zirconia all-ceramic crown" 11 (11): 77-, 2018

43 Rosa V, "Effect of ion exchange on strength and slow crack growth of a dental porcelain" 25 (25): 736-743, 2009

44 오선희 ; 김석규, "Effect of abutment shade, ceramic thickness, and coping type on the final shade of zirconia all-ceramic restorations : in vitro study of color masking ability" 7 (7): 368-374, 2015

45 Beuer F, "Digital dentistry : an overview of recent developments for CAD/CAM generated restorations" 204 (204): 505-511, 2008

46 Makhija SK, "Dentist material selection for single-unit crowns : Findings from the national dental practice-based research network" 55 : 40-47, 2016

47 Zhang Y, "Dental ceramics for restoration and metal veneering" 61 (61): 797-819, 2017

48 Silva LHd, "Dental ceramics : a review of new materials and processing methods" 31 : 2017

49 Hugo Lambert ; Jean-Cédric Durand ; Bruno Jacquot ; Michel Fages, "Dental biomaterials for chairside CAD/CAM : State of the art" 9 (9): 486-495, 2017

50 Conrad HJ, "Current ceramic materials and systems with clinical recommendations : a systematic review" 98 (98): 389-404, 2007

51 Bajraktarova Valjakova E, "Contemporary dental ceramic materials, a review : chemical composition, physical and mechanical properties, indications for use" 6 (6): 1742-1755, 2018

52 Strub JR, "Computer-aided design and fabrication of dental restorations : current systems and future possibilities" 137 (137): 1289-1296, 2006

53 Gorman C, "Comparison of two heat-pressed all-ceramic dental materials" 16 (16): 389-395, 2000

54 Kim JM, "Comparative study in marginal accuracy of several all ceramic crowns" 30 (30): 87-92, 2008

55 Sjögren G, "Clinical evaluation of all-ceramic crowns(Dicor)in general practice" 81 (81): 277-284, 1999

56 Dhillon J, "Clinical aspects of adhesion of all ceramics : an update" 4 : 2012

57 Eskandarion S, "Classifications and properties of materials for chairside computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing dentistry : a review" 6 (6): 36-50, 2021

58 Ruales Carrera E, "Chemical tempering of feldspathic porcelain for dentistry applications : A review" 9 : 100201-, 2022

59 McLaren EA, "Ceramics in dentistry—part I : classes of materials" 5 (5): 94-103, 2009

60 Kelly JR, "Ceramics in dentistry : historical roots and current perspectives" 75 (75): 18-32, 1996

61 Arango Santander S, "Ceramics for dental restorations-an introduction" 77 (77): 26-36, 2010

62 Höland W, "Ceramics as biomaterials for dental restoration" 5 (5): 729-745, 2008

63 Barizon KT, "Ceramic materials for porcelain veneers : part II. Effect of material, shade, and thickness on translucency" 112 (112): 864-870, 2014

64 Samra APB, "CAD/CAM in dentistry–a critical review" 31 (31): 140-144, 2016

65 Timofticiuc IA, "Biomaterials adapted to vat photopolymerization in 3D printing : Characteristics and medical applications" 15 (15): 7-, 2024

66 Montazerian M, "Bioactive and inert dental glass-ceramics" 105 (105): 619-639, 2017

67 Kruth J, "Binding mechanisms in selective laser sintering and selective laser melting" 11 (11): 26-36, 2005

68 Baroudi K, "Assessment of chairside computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing restorations : a review of the literature" 7 (7): 96-, 2015

69 Pollington S, "An update of ceramics in dentistry" 2 (2): 283-307, 2009

70 Naji GAH, "An overview of the development and strengthening of all-ceramic dental materials" 11 (11): 1553-1563, 2018

71 Fradeani M, "An 11-year clinical evaluation of leucite-reinforced glass-ceramic crowns : a retrospective study" 33 (33): 503-510, 2002

72 Larsson C, "All-ceramic two-to five-unit implant-supported reconstructions. A randomized, prospective clinical trial" 30 (30): 45-53, 2006

73 Neuman MR, "Advances in medical devices and medical electronics" 100 (100): 1537-1550, 2012

74 Galante R, "Additive manufacturing of ceramics for dental applications : A review" 35 (35): 825-846, 2019

75 Borba M, "Adaptation of all-ceramic fixed partial dentures" 27 (27): 1119-1126, 2011

76 Shirazi SFS, "A review on powderbased additive manufacturing for tissue engineering : selective laser sintering and inkjet 3D printing" 16 (16): 033502-, 2015

77 Rosenblum MA, "A review of all-ceramic restorations" 128 (128): 297-307, 1997

78 Huang S, "A novel high-strength lithium disilicate glass-ceramic featuring a highly intertwined microstructure" 37 (37): 1083-1094, 2017

79 Höland W, "A comparison of the microstructure and properties of the IPS Empress® 2 and the IPS Empress® glass-ceramics" 53 (53): 297-303, 2000

80 Crisp R, "A clinical evaluation of all-ceramic bridges placed in UK general dental practices : first-year results" 205 (205): 477-482, 2008