시각장애인을 위한 보조공학에 적용된 대체 감각 연구 동향 = Alternative Sensory Approach applied to Assistive Technology for the Visual Impaired : A Review of the Literature

국문 초록 (Abstract)

연구목적: 시각장애인들이 독립적인 삶의 주체가 되고 삶의 질을 높이는데 조력하기 위한보조공학 기술은 극적인 발전을 보이고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 최근까지 이루어진 시각장애인 지원보조공학 연구들에 나타난 보조공학 기구들을 세트(SETT; 학습자, 환경, 도구, 과제) 프레임워크를통해 체계적으로 분석함으로써, 보조공학의 기구들이 그 기능을 충분히 발휘할 수 있도록 설계되었는지 그렇지 못하다면 어떠한 부분이 보완될 필요가 있는지를 살펴보고자 하였다. 연구방법: 본 연구는 시각장애인의 부족한 시각에 대체하는 지원 도구가 어떠한 대체감각에 초점을 두고 개발되었는지에 관심을 두고 이루어졌다. 최근 10년의 연구 중 조건에 맞는 41편의 국외 연구를 추렸고, 이를 대상으로 세트(SETT) 프레임워크로 동향 분석을 실시하였다. 그리고 세트(SETT; 학습자, 환경, 도구, 과제) 요소 간의 연계성을 다룬 연구가 얼마나 수행되었는지를 히트맵이라는 시각화 도구를 활용하여 그 결과를 제시하였다. 연구결과: 세트프레임워크를 통한 분석결과 연구대상은 대다수 전맹과 저시력 모두를 대상으로 한 성인위주로, 주된 극복환경과 과제는 컴퓨터관련 학습과 그래픽위주의 환경에 대한과제, 그리고 도구는 청각과 촉각을 대체 감각으로 한 전자정보유형으로 연구가 진행되었다. 결론 및 제언: 분석한 결과를 토대로 연구의 결론에서는 복합 감각적 접근을 통한 실제맥락의 가상 학습 환경의 도입의 필요성, 시각장애인의 개별 환경을 통한 과제도출과 감각 파악의 필요성, 보행위주의 보조공학에서 탈피한 사물의 세부정보 파악을 위한 도움의 필요성,그리고 인지부하를 최소화한 보조공학 개발의 필요성 등을 논의하였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Objectives: As more and more the visually impaired are subjects of their own lives, thedevelopment of assistive technology for enhancing the quality of their lives has becomemore important than ever before. Even though there has been innovative increase in bothquality and quantity of assistive technology, the usage of assistive technology can’t meet theneeds of blind people’s. For this reason, the intents of this study were 1 to review studieson Assistive Technology for individuals with visual impairments especially in the respects ofalternative sensory approach, 2 to recast them in terms of the relationship among the“SETT” of the SETT framework : Student, Environment, Tasks, and Tools, and 3 toidentify the problems in designing and implementing assistive technology devices andpropose guide lines for the additional future study. Method: Using STARLITE approach forselecting tool, we chose 41 appropriate studies on assistive technology for the visuallyimpaired which has been published in peer-reviewed international journals since 2005. Results: The results classified by SETT framework shows that recent studies on assistivetechnology for the visually impaired have a tendency to be conducted like this; in terms ofstudent factors mostly, adult with both blind and visually impaired, environment and tasksfactors computer based study, graphic related hindrance, and orientation and mobility, andTools factors electronic devices with sense of hearing and haptic. A heat-mapping approachwas used to facilitate the relation of the trend through SETT factors. Conclusion &Implications: Based on the results of review, we proposed the needs for Virtual Realitylearning environments by menas of multisensory approach in real contexts, identifyingalternative sensory approach in accordance with individuals’ tasks, and development ofassistive technology which lessening cognitive load will be taken into.

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