『명심보감』 속 효행 편 내용 연구 = A study on contents of Chapter Filial Behaviors in 『Mingxin Baojan』

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

『Mingxin Baojan(明心寶鑑)』is the book which compiled 20 chapters by collecting the rumors as well as great paragraphs, sayings, and proverbs of the Chinese classics as the analects compiled by Chinese Fan Li Pen in 139. It consists of the contents to make Children who first learned Chinese in Korea from the late Goryeo Dynasty the early Joseon Dynasty finished 『the Thousand-Character Classic(千字文)』improve refinement and learning as the foundation course with 『Dongmongseonseup(童蒙先習)』. Originally, it consists of 19 chapters including 「Be good(繼善)」, 「Mandate of Heaven(天命)」, etc. Mingxin Baojan was written by Chujeok(秋適) who was Minbusangseo(民部尙書) and Yemungwandaejehak(藝文館大提學) in the reign of King Chungnyeol in the Goryeo Dynasty in 1305 by compiling maxims(金言) and famous phrases(名句) of ancient sages from the Chinese classics. And they say that Fan Li Pen later acquired and expanded Mingxin Baojan by Chujeok in the late Yuan Dynasty and the early Ming Dynasty. However, the opinion like this was changed to the fact that the compiler is Chinese Fan Li Pen as Lee Wuseong found Qingzhou edition Mingxin Baojan in 1974. Later, someone composed total 24 chapters by adding 5 chapters of 「Supplements(增補)」, 「8 ironical songs(八反歌)」, 「filial behaviors(孝行)」, 「senses of shame and honor(廉義)」, and 「the encouragement of learning(勸學)」 in it. The characteristics of Mingxin Baojan can be found in the name of the book. For 『Baojan (寶鑑)』, Bao means 'treasure' and 'jewels' and Jan does 'mirrors' and 'lessons'. The meaning of the title means 'Brighten your heart by making treasure your mirror' or 'A radiant heart makes treasure visible.' and it is the classic book to instill goodness, uprightness, and wisdom for people. In the Joseon Dynasty, students in village schools get to learn Mingxin Baojan as a book of culture after the Thousand-Character Classic. The students learned paragraphs and famous sayings from Mingxin Baojan going to it immediately when they all did the Thousand-Character Classic. The writer or compiler of the book showed that it includes the contents of precious mirrors, lessens, models, and examples.
Mingxin Baojan includes contents extracted from various materials. Among them, 3 pieces introduced in Chapter Filial Behaviors edit Sonsunmaeaseol recorded in Samguk Yusa to satisfy the compiler's intention. It is difficult for Mingxin Baojan to be regarded as the representative scriptures of Confucian philosophy. Nevertheless, many people have recognized it as the scriptures of Confucian philosophy. Because of this phenomenon, many records cited in this book are reedited and composed to satisfy rationality of Confucian philosophy.
Under the conditions of devoted sons(daughters) introduced in Chapter Filial Behaviors, rewards for their behaviors are done by 1) the fact that they must be poor and 2) drastic and unaccountable actions, and 3) by help of heaven or kings.
People solve problems of reality through others' help rather than by themselves. This problem of the social structure can be found that the ruling force of those days set fidelity duty and just rule as means to beautify governance.