청소년기 애착에 관한 질적 분석 연구 = A Study of Qualitative Analysis on the Attachment in Adolescence

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study was to identify attachment relevant experiences of high school students, and classify sub-groups to compare within these sub-groups. For the data collection, thirty cases of high school students were interviewed about attachment relevant experiences. In all, twenty-four cases of high school students are analyzed through the discussion and consensual process by primary team of five judges. As a result, adolescents' attachment relevant internal working model was classified into three groups by compounding of parent representation and self representation; secure attachment group of understanding and acceptance about parent and self, unsecure attachment group of negative or idealized representation about parent and self, and mixing attachment group of mixing representation about parent and self. In secure attachment group the process of separation - individuation from parent was formed naturally, while adolescents in mixing attachment group had difficulty in separation - individuation from parent. And, in unsecure attachment group relationship with parent(especially mother) was cut-off. Also, in secure attachment group, adolescents were well attuned to parent who had different needs with self, formed harmonious interpersonal relationship, and could regulate affect in time of distress. In unsecure attachment group, adolescents avoided conflict with parent, formed superficial interpersonal relationship, and couldn't regulate affect under the distress. In mixing attachment group, adolescents couldn't keep the balance of needs between parent and self, formed passive interpersonal relationship with others, and couldn't regulate affect under the distress. The findings of this study are expected to provide counselor significant information of understanding adolescents and forming therapeutic relationship and intervention.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 고등학생을 대상으로 그들이 개인적으로 경험하고 있는 애착 관련 경험의 양상을 알아보고, 이들의 애착 관련 내적 실행 모델에 따라 하위 집단으로 분류하여 애착 관련 경험의 특성을 비교하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해, 고등학생 24명의 사례를 5명의 평정자들로 구성된 합의팀의 논의와 합의 과정을 통해 질적인 방법으로 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 청소년들의 애착 관련 내적 실행 모델은 부모 표상과 자기 표상의 조합에 따라 자기와 부모에 대해 통합적인 표상을 가지고 있는 안정 애착 집단, 자기와 부모에 대해 부정적 혹은 이상적 표상을 가지고 있는 불안정 애착 집단, 그리고 자기와 부모 표상이 혼재되어 있는 혼합 애착 집단의 세 집단으로 분류되었다. 안정 애착 집단은 부모를 안정 기반으로 활용함과 동시에 부모로부터 분리-개별화 과정이 자연스럽게 이루어지는 반면, 혼합 애착 집단에서는 부모로부터 분리-개별화 과정에 어려움을 느끼고 있었으며, 불안정 애착 집단은 부모(특히 어머니)와의 관계 단절이 특징적으로 나타났다. 또한, 안정 애착 집단은 부모와의 갈등에서 부모와 자신의 욕구를 잘 조율하며, 원만한 대인관계를 형성하고 있었으며, 스트레스 상황에서 다양한 행동 전략을 통해 안정감을 획득하고 있었다. 불안정 애착 집단은 부모와의 갈등을 회피하고, 피상적인 대인관계를 형성하고 있었으며, 스트레스 상황에서 안정감을 획득하지 못하였다. 혼합 애착 집단은 부모와의 갈등에서 자신과 부모의 욕구 간에 조화를 이루지 못하며, 타인과 소극적인 대인관계를 형성하고 있으며, 스트레스 상황에서 안정감을 느끼지 못하였다. 이러한 연구 결과는 청소년들을 이해하고 이에 맞는 상담관계 형성과 상담적 개입을 하는데 의미있는 정보를 제공할 것으로 기대된다.

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