16세기 역관(譯官)의 세전 실태에 대한 검토 －『종친록(宗親錄)』을 중심으로－ = An Inquiry into the Official Interpreters’s Hereditory Facts in 16^th Century

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The provision in Daejeonhusokrok(大典後續錄) published in 1543 that great-grandson and great-great-grandson of concubine of the second ranked civil and military functionaries can apply for Chapkwa(雜科) was the arrangement for nurturing applicants for Chapkwa. There was a provision that not only sons of Yangin(良人) but also sons of Yangban(兩班) can enter to the institute for studying Chapkwa, but as the consciousness of social status was emphasized, sons of Yangin avoided entering to the institute for Chapkwa, and sons of Cheonchp (賤妾, concubine of low birth origin) in the days of King Seongjong to King Yeonsan entered to the institute for Chapkwa offices. Despite the opposition of the sons of of Yangchup (良妾, concubine of Yangin origin), finally sons of Cheonchup could enter to the institute for Chapkwa offices.
In the 16th century, there was being formed the class of Chungin such as medical officer(醫官), astromical officer(陰陽官) and judicial officer(律官), but was not formed fully yet according to the commonly accepted theory. The families of the interpretation officers, medical officers, Gwansanggam officers, judicial officers, etc. that were recorded in Jongchinrok(宗親錄) which was stored in Jangseogak show that they were not different from the commonly accepted theory. Interpretation officers in Chapkwa were mostly succeeded to the following generation by means of same majoring or different majoring, and some were succeeded to the third generation.
However, this study collected works of Jabkwadanhuibangmok(雜科單回榜目) of the 16th century to find names of interpretation officers and also to find name of interpretation officers in the his- tory records of the same period. Furthermore, this study searched for names of interpretation officers in Yeonhaengrok(燕行錄) from King Jungjong to King Gwanghaegun. The names of interpretation officers appearing in Jabkwadanhuibangmok were found in the history records, and the names which appeared in the history records did not appear in Yeonghaengrok. Likewise, there were no succession of interpretation officers for three generations or more. As seen in the example of Suneon Hong, an interpretation officer, who made achievements in Jonggyebyeonmu(correcting the Chosun Dynasty's genealogy) from the 16th to 17th century, people raised their social status from the interpretation office to the military examination(武科), classics licentiate(生員), literary licentiate(進士), and civilian service examination (文科).
It was not a society where if the father and grandfather were still in adversity, they had no choice but to choose technical posts, including those in the grandchild family. It should be said that there was some social fluidity. As can be seen from the families of Chunnyeong-hyeon and Namyang Hong, the official history of the Joseon Dynasty began to emerge from the period of King Gwanghaegun. It was confirmed that there was hereditary phenomenon in the 16th century, and the cause was not explained.