국민해외관광이 목적지 주민에게 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 - Hawaii 관광사업종사 교민을 중심으로 - = A Study of the Korean Overseas Tourists Impact on the Local Residents - Focused on the Korean Residents in Hawaii -

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In 1988, a favorable balance of payment in trade enabled the Korean government to improve some of the restrictions and allow an increased opportunity for overseas trips. Such positive circumstances invigorated the existing tourism policy and marked a great leap forward in the development of a balanced inbound and outbound tourism industry. In 1989, overseas travel was fully liberalized for the first time, and Korean outbound travelers registered 1,213,112, up 67.3% from the previous year. During the year pleasure purpose travelers showed a huge 235.2% growth from 1988, recording a 37.0% share of the total outbound market. In 1991, the number of Korean outbound travelers registered 1,856,018, a growth rate of 18.9% from the previous year. The expenditure of Korean nationals traveling overseas in 1991 totaled US$ 3,784 million, up 19.6% from the previous year. .The per capita expenditure of Koreans traveling overseas was USA 2,039, up by 0.5% from 1990. Consequently, Korea`s balance of tourist payments in 1991 fell into the red, recording a deficit of US $ 358 million. However, the full liberalization of nationals` overseas travel policy being positively assessed by the people in terms of enhancing the socio-cultural effects of international tourism. The purpose of this study is to explore the characteristics of the Korean outbound tourists and to analyse the tour habits, attitudes and tourist expenditures in order to define the actual conditions and problems. Accordingly, the residents in tourist destination were examined to evaluate the impact of international tourism. The data for this study was compiled from 92 Korean residents engaged in tourist business in Hawaii. Questionnaires were sent to a total of 150 Korean tourist businessmen in Hawaii among whom 92 responded, which reflects a return rate of 61.3% Supplementary data and information have also been collected through the individual and small group interviews. As a result of analysing the above data, the following recommendations should be adopted in improving the Korean outbound tourism. First : The government and authorities concerned should encourage and render full support to the Korean tourist businesses in overseas including hotels, restaurants, travel agencies and gift shops for the effectiveness and efficient operations, so as to increase the return rate of tourist dollars. Second : Korean tourists` shopping expenses which caused a deficit in the balance of tourist payments should be reduced by informing the situation to the potential overseas tourists and local tour conductors. To maintain a favorable balance of tourist payments, the authorities concerned should conduct a seminar program on the importance of tourist dollars or expenditures for the local travel agents and first time overseas travelers in particular. Third : It was revealed that few Korean overseas tourists` attitude and behavior are impolite, and this influence upon the Korean residents in destination is bad, and create negative responses. Such negative effects of international tourism will not only create a bad image of tourist generating country but also require potential cost of tourism. Therefore, it is very important to an overseas tourist to recognize one`s behavior. In creating better image of Korean nationals and country, the authorities concerned should encourage the overseas tourists to behave well to the residents in the destination. Fourth : In inducing more effective result of international tourism effects on socio-cultural aspects, the quality of Korean overseas tourism should be improved. The overseas tourist must contribute to the home country by presenting the traditional morality and culture, and improving relations between him/herself and inhabitant in the host country. Accordingly, the authorities concerned should educate all levels of the people in fully understanding of the importance and effects of international tourism. Thus, the overseas tourist can play the rol