김성원의 출처관(出處觀)과 현실인식 = Kim Seong-won`s Viewpoint of Taking and Leaving Government Posts, and His Realistic Recognition

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본고는 식영정 시단의 융성에 매우 중요한 역할을 한 棲霞堂 金成遠의 出處觀과 현실에 대한 인식을 고찰하는데 목표를 두었다. 그 결과 다음과 같은 사실을 확인할 수 있었다. 그의 출처관에는 먼저 道家的 경향이 있었다. 그의 시문에서는 출사의지자체를 찾아보기 어렵다. 벼슬 자체를 멀리하고 위험시하는 경향은 바로 도가의 은일사상과 매우 유사한 것이다. 그는 또한 산수에 대한 고질인 泉石膏황의 기질이 있었다. 그는 다른 사람들과는 달리 ‘魚鳥’와 친근한 은자적 기질이 있음을 스스로 인정하고 있다. 그의 출처관에는 또한 홀어머니에 대한 지극한 효성이 큰 영향을 미쳤음을 그의 시에서 볼 수 있다. 그는 7세 때 부친을 여의었고, 외조부상과 조부상 등 잇따라 7년 사이에 큰 喪을 3차례나 당한다.외아들로 태어난 그는 또한 늦게 외아들만을 두었다. 이러한 그의 성장과정과 가정환경은 어머니에 대한 효심을 깊게 하였다. 벼슬도 효렴으로 뽑혀 하게된 것이다. 그는 당초 벼슬을 원치 않았으나 어머니의 강권으로 56세의 나이에 침랑으로 나아갔다. 벼슬을 그만둘 때는 언제나 어머니 봉양을 이유로 들었다. 16세기는 4대 사화의 영향으로 정치적으로 매우 혼란한 시기였다. 조정의현실에 대한 부정적 인식도 출처관과 관련된다. 그와 가장 가까웠던 星山四仙과 이웃 瀟灑園의 梁子澄 등이 모두 붕당과 史禍에 직간접으로 관련이 있었다. 그는 이러한 현실을 ‘狂秦’ 즉 道가 없는 어지러운 나라로 보았다. 이러한 인식속에서 벼슬을 멀리했던 그는 잠시 벼슬에 나아가서는 끊임없이 후회하고 귀거래를 꿈꾸었다. 유자로서 출사하지 않고 강호에서 사는 삶에서 일어나는 갈등은 ‘樂天知命’으로 해소하였다. 어지러운 나라의 현실에서 隱逸自適은 그의 현실적 대응이었던 것이다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study sought to examine the viewpoint on taking and leaving government posts of Kim Seong-won with the pen name of Seo Ha-dang - who played a very important role in prospering the Sikyeongjeong Pavilion``s poet circle - and his realistic recognition. The findings of this study are described below. He embraced the viewpoint of being aloofness in taking and leaving government posts. His view is based on Taoist thoughts. He regarded studies for the prestigious state examination Gwageo as a trivial talent and skill, and in the first place, he did not intend to take up a government post. Hethought that taking up a government post would always entail risks. He regarded himself as a born man of Cheonseokgohwang (love of scenic beauty), and as a born lover of fish and birds unlike others. Thus, nothing was found in him such as generous and sorrow emotions found in the then Sikyeongjeong Pavilion poet circle. His unworldliness quality was revealed as a divine propensity. Kim Seong-won``s embracing such viewpoint was greatly influenced by his filial piety to his windowed mother. At 7, he had his father die, and he also had his maternal grandfather and paternal grandfather die, suffering from three deaths of his relatives in seven years. Born as the single only son, he also fathered a single only son in his late years. Such growth background and home environment helped him foster deep filial piety to his mother. He was selected and became a public official thanks to his filial piety. He originally did not want to take up a government post, but due to his mother``s persuasion, he, at 56, took up the Chimnang government post. Whenever resigning from a government post, he always cited a need to serve his mother, as a reason. On account of his mother, he took up and left government posts. His filial piety became the background to his viewpoint of taking and leaving a government post. His negative awareness of reality was related to such viewpoint. His closest friend Seonsan Saseon, his neighbor Yang Ja-jing from the Soswaewon Garden, etc. were all related with political factional strifes and literati purge. He saw such reality as an amoral and turbulent state. With such awareness, he distanced himself from joining the officialdom, and while serving briefly in the government, he regretted and continued to dream of returning to his hometown. A Confucian, he did not take up a government post, but lived a life back in the countryside, and he resolved conflicts from such relinquishment through Nakcheonjimyeong (being content with what one is). He regarded himself as a born man of Cheonseokgohwang (love of scenic beauty), and as a born lover of fish and birds unlike others. Thus, nothing was found in him such as generous and sorrow emotions found in the then Sikyeongjeong Pavilion poet circle. His unworldliness quality was revealed as a divine propensity. He tried to live a life amid Mother Nature without being bound by anything.