사회적 행위자로서의 미술관에 관한 사회학적 시론 = A Sociological Attempt for Museum as Social Actor

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In this paper, the function and operation of museum will be analyzed in the light of the sociological perspective. In doing so, museum will appear to be social actor that interacts with other actors in social space. In wide variety of theories and concepts of contemporary sociology, the concept of practice will be the key word in the attempt in this paper. Practice is the specific concept designed to indicate the concrete action in real context and situation. The possibilities of this concept have been experimented through the efforts made by such philosophers and sociologists as A. C. Danto, G. Dickie, H. S. Becker, etc. When this concept is applied to the function and operation of museum, other aspects of museum can be discovered, and of course these aspects are sociological ones. The practice of museum defined as social will be divided into two kinds. One is the exhibition practice in which specific meanings produced by museum are processed into social fact. The other is network practice in which the every social resourses in the radius of function of museum are organized. The two practices are not separated but coherently united and reinforced to create the cultural reality of our society. The strength of the meaning produced by a museum is closely related to the volume and components of the network organized by the museum. In this paper, I will adopt two theoretical resources. The first is the Institutional approach of art, the second Bourdieu`s habitus-field theory. These theories will be investigated to get the possibility that museum can be defined as autonomous actor of ability to compete with other actors to get the symbolic capital in artistic field. Museum is not mere a white cube that has empty space in which some objects could be hanged or displayed. It will appear that museum is not only the important element in socal context of cultural phenomena, but also the core social actor that can have great impact on the cultural map of whole society. In Bourdieu`s theory, the concept of artworld can be reinterpreted and differentiated as habitus and field. And museum becomes the core component of artistic field and active competitor that can produce the logic of practice in defining what is artwork. And by this criteria, the cultural, economic, and social resourses are allocated and reallocated to the members of artworld. So the museum can be defined as one of the most powerful actors struggling to set the rule of artistic field and get to the center of the cultural space. In conclusion, I will suggest the possibility of the concept of extended model of museum. According to this model, museum is not mere a closed identity limited only in fixed boundary. The influence and consequence of practice of museum can be extended to the whole society. As a result, we may find the saturation point that the radius of museum coincides with the space of whole society. At this point, museum can become the society in itself. Also here, we may find the possibility that sociology of museum becomes the general sociology.

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