Problems in education : a comparative approach

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• Preface = ⅸ
• PART ONE METHODOLOGY : The Problem Approach in Comparative Education
• Introduction = 3
• Ⅰ. COMPARATIVE EDUCATION AND CULTURAL BORROWING = 5
• Selective Cultural Borrwoing = 9
• Descriptive and Statistical Studies = 12
• The Historical Approach = 18
• The Sociological Approach = 20
• Cultural Borrowing Today = 22
• Ⅱ. A SCIENCE OF EDUCATION AND PLANNING = 25
• Comparative Education and Post-relativity Science = 29
• Assumptions of the Problem Approach = 32
• Formulation of Policy Proposals = 39
• Identificatin of Relevant Factors = 39
• Prediction : an Ingredient of Science and Planned Reform = 44
• Interdisciplinary Co-operation = 46
• Ⅲ. CRITICAL DUALISM AS A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK = 48
• Critical Dualism = 50
• The Construction of Normative Patterns = 54
• 'Idal' and 'Actual' Constructs = 57
• Institutinal Patterns = 62
• Relationships and Explanatory Studies = 65
• Multi-Relatinship Studies = 69
• Ⅳ. CRITICAL DUALISM AND THE PROBLEM APPROACH = 73
• Normative Inconsistencies = 75
• Theory and Practice = 78
• Institutional Innovation and Social Re-adjustment = 80
• Concepts of Social Lag = 83
• Data Relevant to Problem Analysis and Proposed Solutions = 85
• The Comparative Aspects of the Problem Approach = 89
• PART TWO SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROBLEMS AND EDUCATIONAL POLICY
• Introductio = 97
• Ⅴ. THE POLITICAL PROBLEM AND THE EDUCATIONAL CHALLENGE = 99
• Lippmann's Analysis = 100
• The Educational Solution = 102
• Newly Independent Nations = 104
• The Role of Education and Political Unity = 108
• Europe and the U.S.A. = 112
• The Explosion of Scientific Knowledge = 116
• Democratic Participation and the Schools = 119
• Ⅵ. ECONOMIC PROBLEMS AND EDUCATIONAL POLICY = 122
• Scales of Preference = 127
• The allocation of Resources = 129
• Natural Resources and Capital = 134
• Honest Government = 136
• Social Organisatio = 137
• Educatio and Ideology = 139
• Social Justice and Educational Expansion = 143
• The Consequences of Investment in Educatio = 150
• Ⅶ. ADMINSTRATIVE SYSTEMS AND DECISION-MAKNG IN EDUCATION = 155
• Centralised and Decentralised Systems of Administratio = 158
• Formal Organisations = 159
• Administrative Reforms = 163
• Moral and Professional Authority = 165
• National Plitics = 168
• Informed Opinion = 170
• The Situation in the U.S.A. = 172
• Bureaucracies = 173
• Managerial Group Members = 175
• The Inspectorate and Teachers = 179
• Reform and the Type of Administratio = 181
• Parental Control = 183
• PART THREE NATIONAL CASE STUDIES
• Introduction = 189
• Ⅷ. TEACHER TRAINING AND THE PORFESSION OF EDUCATION(THE U.S.A.) = 191
• The 'Ideal' Teacher = 192
• The Institutional Framework = 198
• Professional Control = 203
• Teacher Education in the U.S.A. = 204
• The Content of Teacher Education-U.S.A. = 208
• Certification Procedures = 209
• Progressive education and the Critics = 212
• The Future = 215
• IX. SECONDARY EDUCATION FOR ALL(ENGLAND AND WALES) = 221
• Heightened Expectations = 226
• Economic Changes = 227
• Production Norms = 233
• Parental Norms, Socio-political Theory, and Institutional Change = 236
• A Rationale for the 1994 Act = 230
• Educational Lag = 242
• Political Theories and Educational Plocy-The Labour Party = 245
• The Second Decade-Conservative Party Policies = 248
• The Comprehensive Schools = 250
• The Prestige of the 'Public' Schools = 256
• The Case of France = 259
• Ⅹ. LIBERAL EDUCATION AND VOCATINAL TRAINING(THE U.S.S.R.) = 254
• Intellectual Education and Manual Training = 269
• Basic Ideology and Expediency = 273
• Sources of Inconsistencies = 275
• Proposed Solutions-the Principles of Ploytechnical Educatio = 276
• Institutional Reform = 279
• Debates and the New Approach = 281
• XI. INDIVIDUAL FREEDOM AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY(JAPAN) = 287
• Moral Obligation and Human Feeling = 290
• Selective Cultural Borrowing = 292
• Administration = 297
• Aims of Education = 299
• The Normative Pattern = 300
• Educational Reform in the Post-War Period = 303
• Attachment to Traditions = 305
• New Proposals for Reform = 306
• Notes = 310
• Selected Bibliography = 318
• Index = 321