조선후기 역모 사건의 유형과 추이 －『推案及鞫案』의 검토를 중심으로－ = The types and transitions of rebellion cases in late Chosŏn dynasty －Focusing on the study of the 『Chuan-Geup-Gukan(推案及鞫案)』－

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Chuan-Geup-Gukan (推案及鞫案) is a historical record of the ‘Chuguk(推 鞫)’ conducted to investigate and punish treasonous conspiracies over approximately 300 years during the late Chosŏn(朝鮮) Dynasty. This study aims to provide a comprehensive review of the Chuan-Geup-Gukan to establish a new perspective on the political history of this period.
The records span from the 34th year of King Seon-jo (1601) to the 29th year of King Go-jong (1892), covering 269 cases across the reigns of 13 monarchs. Based on the annual average number of cases, occurrences were notably higher during the reigns of Kings Yeong-jo, In-jo, Suk-jong, and Sun-jo. These frequencies are closely linked to periods of political upheaval, religious persecution, or aggressive reform policies that either threatened royal authority or signaled the operation of a powerful monarchy.
Most of the cases recorded in the Chuan-Geup-Gukan correspond to the category of the ‘Ten Evils(十惡)’ defined in the Dae-Myeong-Ryul(大明律).
These included not only treason but also a wide range of offenses such as seditious writings, malicious rumors, the desecration of royal tombs, heterodox learning, and crimes violating Confucian moral order. This indicates that the Chosŏn state, grounded in Neo-Confucian ideology, regarded various acts that threatened state order and royal authority as serious crimes.
Approximately 4,200 individuals appear in these records. The participants ranged from members of the royal family and high-ranking officials to commoners, monks, and Nobi(奴婢). This demonstrates that when an act of treason occurred, individuals were interrogated through the Chuguk process regardless of their social status.
Ultimately, the Chuan-Geup-Gukan is more than a mere chronicle of rebellions; it serves as a vital record revealing how the state defined threats to the dynastic order. By offering a holistic review of these records, this study provides a foundation for expanding our understanding of late Chosŏn political history. Due to the scope of this research, detailed socio-political contexts of individual cases and in-depth biographical studies of the involved figures remain subjects for future inquiry.