America's legislative processes : Congress and the states

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• Part Ⅰ Legislatures in the American Political System = 1
• Chapter 1 The Evolution of Legislative Bodies in the United States = 2
• History of Legislative Bodies = 2
• American Legislatures : The Prerevolutionary Experience = 3
• American Legislatures : The Revolutionary Experience = 5
• The Emergence of a Strong National Legislature = 6
• Parliamentary Governments vs. Separation of Powers = 7
• State Legislatures in the United States = 8
• Summary = 9
• Chapter 2 Democratic Theory : Representation and Participation = 11
• Representation = 12
• Political Participation = 20
• Summary = 23
• Chapter 3 Legislative Structures and Powers = 27
• Congress = 27
• Powers of Congress = 33
• The State Legislatures = 43
• Constitutional Status of State Legislatures = 47
• Summary = 51
• Part Ⅱ Connections : Legislators and Their Constituents = 55
• Chapter 4 Characteristics and Recruitment of American Legislators = 56
• The State Legislators = 57
• Members of Congress = 69
• Recruitment of American Legislators = 75
• Post-legislative Ambition and Careers = 78
• Summary = 79
• Chapter 5 Nomination and Election of American Legislators = 87
• Election Laws = 87
• Primary Elections = 89
• Nomination and Election to the U. S. Congress = 89
• Federal Campaign Finance Laws = 101
• Nomination and Election of State Legislators = 102
• State Legislative Campaign Finance = 105
• Single-Member Districts and Plurality Elections = 108
• Summary = 116
• Chapter 6 Legislators and Their Constituencies = 125
• The Legislator's Perceived Constituency = 126
• Keeping in Touch = 129
• State Legislators and Their Constituents = 133
• Popular Support for American Legislatures = 135
• Constituency Influence on Legislator Voting = 138
• Summary = 140
• A Legislator's Freedom Is Limited but Real = 127
• Keeping in Touch Can Be Difficult = 129
• Chapter 7 Interest Groups and the News Media in the Legislative Process = 144
• Interest Groups and Lobbyists = 145
• Lobbying Congress = 152
• Interest Groups and State Legislatures = 160
• The News Media = 165
• News Media Power = 170
• Summary = 172
• The Importance of Access = 150
• Lobbies and Campaign Contributions = 153
• Lobbies in the Texas Legislature = 159
• The Influence of Broadcast Lobbyists = 171
• Part Ⅲ Organization and Procedures = 179
• Chapter 8 Legislative Leaders = 180
• Congressional Leaders = 181
• Leaders of the State Legislatures = 200
• Summary = 210
• The Congressional Career Then and Now = 193
• The Congressional Seniority System = 197
• Jesse M. Unruh = 201
• Committee Assignments in a One-Party Dominant House = 203
• Chapter 9 Political Parties and Other Organizations in Legislative Bodies = 217
• Political Parties = 218
• U. S. House of Representatives = 221
• U. S. Senate = 228
• Partisan Voting in Congress = 233
• The State Legislatures = 237
• Summary = 244
• State Legislative Majorities Can Be Unstable = 239
• Chapter 10 Legislative Committees = 251
• Committees in the U. S. Congress = 252
• Committees in the State Legislatures = 271
• Functions of Committees = 276
• Legislative Norms and Committees = 278
• Summary = 282
• Getting a Preferred Committee Assignment = 267
• Working Out Disagreement in Subcommittees : The Importance of Norms = 280
• Chapter 11 Legislative Committees in Action = 289
• Congressional Committees = 290
• Committees in Other National Legislatures = 308
• State Legislative Committees = 310
• Summary = 317
• Members of Congress Describe Committee Dynamics = 302
• Irresponsible Use of the Power of Investigation = 307
• Classification of Performance of State Leislature Committee Systems = 314
• Chapter 12 Legislative Staff = 324
• Staff in the U. S. Congress = 325
• Staff Support in Other National Legislatures = 338
• State Legislative Staff = 339
• Legislative Information-Processing Capacity = 343
• Summary = 346
• Using Staff to Break the Information Monopoly = 328
• Personal Staff and Electoral Security = 334
• The Staff of the California Legislature = 342
• Targeting the Mail : Just Press a Button = 344
• Chapter 13 Floor Procedures and Decision-Making in Legislatures = 351
• Congressional Norms = 351
• Scheduling Legislation in Congress = 355
• Floor Procedures in Congress = 361
• Voting Decisions in Congress = 370
• State Legislatures = 376
• Summary = 383
• Scheduling Business in the Senate = 361
• House Appropriations Bill Riders Increasing = 366
• Texas Legislative Norms = 377
• The Rules Committee Rules = 381
• Part Ⅳ Legislatures in the Governmental System = 389
• Chapter 14 The Legislature and the Executive = 390
• A Comparative Perspective on Executive-Legislative Relations = 391
• The U. S. Congress and the President = 393
• Executive-Legislative Relations in the States = 407
• Summary = 416
• Presidential Nominations Are Usually Confirmed = 397
• "Open" and "Closed" Presidential Leadership of Congress = 400
• White House Lobbying Staff Chosen = 402
• Senate Supports Reagan on AWACS Sale = 406
• Innovative Use of the Item Veto = 410
• Senatorial Courtesy in Texas = 412
• The Powerful Governor of New York = 414
• Chapter15 The Legislature and the Bureaucracy = 421
• Congress and the Bureaucracy = 422
• Legislative-Bureaucratic Relationships in Parliamentary Systems = 440
• State Legislative-Bureaucratic Relationships = 441
• Summary = 450
• The Natural Ally = 423
• The Role of Federal Agencies in Policy Development = 424
• Subgovernment Relationships and Incrementalism = 428
• Why Legislative Guidelines Sometimes Are Vague = 433
• Factors Contributing to Active Legislative Oversight of the Bureaucracy = 435
• Subgovernments and Congressional Oversight : A Pessimistic View = 437
• The Legislative Veto and Used Cars = 439
• Post Audit and Program Evaluation Capability = 443
• Sunset Laws : A Negative Appraisal = 446
• Policy Consequences of Legislative Review of Agency Rules = 448
• Chapter 16 The Legislature and the Judiciary = 456
• Congress and the Judiciary = 457
• Legislative-Judicial Relations in Other Nations = 471
• State Legislatures and the Judiciary = 472
• Summary = 477
• The Supreme Court and Congressional-Presidential Disagreements = 460
• Members Move to Rein in Supreme Court = 461
• Cycles of Judicial-Legislative Tension = 463
• Senatorial Courtesy = 465
• Nixon Supreme Court Appointments = 468
• State Courts Interpret State Legislatures' Authority = 474
• Epilogue Overview and Prospects = 481
• Acknowledgments = 485
• Index = 489