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      KCI등재

      스마트 스피커 대상 가청 주파수 대역을 활용한 적대적 명령어 공격 방법 제안 = Proposal of Hostile Command Attack Method Using Audible Frequency Band for Smart Speaker

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      https://www.riss.kr/link?id=A108245905

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      다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

      Recently, the functions of smart speakers have diversified, and the penetration rate of smart speakers is increasing. As it becomes more widespread, various techniques have been proposed to cause anomalous behavior against smart speakers. Dolphin Attack, which causes anomalous behavior against the Voice Controllable System (VCS) during various attacks, is a representative method. With this method, a third party controls VCS using ultrasonic band (f>20kHz) without the user's recognition. However, since the method uses the ultrasonic band, it is necessary to install an ultrasonic speaker or an ultrasonic dedicated device which is capable of outputting an ultrasonic signal. In this paper, a smart speaker is controlled by generating an audio signal modulated at a frequency (18 to 20) which is difficult for a person to hear although it is in the human audible frequency band without installing an additional device, that is, an ultrasonic device. As a result with the method proposed in this paper, while humans could not recognize voice commands even in the audible band, it was possible to control the smart speaker with a probability of 82 to 96%.
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      Recently, the functions of smart speakers have diversified, and the penetration rate of smart speakers is increasing. As it becomes more widespread, various techniques have been proposed to cause anomalous behavior against smart speakers. Dolphin Atta...

      Recently, the functions of smart speakers have diversified, and the penetration rate of smart speakers is increasing. As it becomes more widespread, various techniques have been proposed to cause anomalous behavior against smart speakers. Dolphin Attack, which causes anomalous behavior against the Voice Controllable System (VCS) during various attacks, is a representative method. With this method, a third party controls VCS using ultrasonic band (f>20kHz) without the user's recognition. However, since the method uses the ultrasonic band, it is necessary to install an ultrasonic speaker or an ultrasonic dedicated device which is capable of outputting an ultrasonic signal. In this paper, a smart speaker is controlled by generating an audio signal modulated at a frequency (18 to 20) which is difficult for a person to hear although it is in the human audible frequency band without installing an additional device, that is, an ultrasonic device. As a result with the method proposed in this paper, while humans could not recognize voice commands even in the audible band, it was possible to control the smart speaker with a probability of 82 to 96%.

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      참고문헌 (Reference)

      1 L. Zhang, "Voiceprint Mimicry Attack Towards Speaker Verification System in Smart Home" 377-386, 2020

      2 M. Lindasalwa, "Voice recognition algorithms using mel frequency cepstral coefficient(MFCC)and dynamic time warping(DTW)techniques" 2 (2): 138-143, 2010

      3 Bentley, Frank, "Understanding the long-term use of smart speaker assistants" 2 (2): 1-24, 2018

      4 Z. Wang, "The era of silicon MEMS microphone and look beyond" 375-378, 2015

      5 Johansson, M., "The Hilbert transform" Växjö University 1999

      6 NIST, "National institute of standards and technology speaker recognition evaluation"

      7 T. Fokkens, "Machine Learning Voice Synthesis for Intention Electromagnetic Interference Injection in Smart Speaker Devices" 673-677, 2021

      8 Sugawara, T, "Light Commands:{Laser-Based} Audio Injection Attacks on {Voice-Controllable} Systems" 2631-2648, 2020

      9 "Kakao mini hexa"

      10 Roy, Nirupam, "Inaudible Voice Commands: The {Long-Range} Attack and Defense" 547-560, 2018

      1 L. Zhang, "Voiceprint Mimicry Attack Towards Speaker Verification System in Smart Home" 377-386, 2020

      2 M. Lindasalwa, "Voice recognition algorithms using mel frequency cepstral coefficient(MFCC)and dynamic time warping(DTW)techniques" 2 (2): 138-143, 2010

      3 Bentley, Frank, "Understanding the long-term use of smart speaker assistants" 2 (2): 1-24, 2018

      4 Z. Wang, "The era of silicon MEMS microphone and look beyond" 375-378, 2015

      5 Johansson, M., "The Hilbert transform" Växjö University 1999

      6 NIST, "National institute of standards and technology speaker recognition evaluation"

      7 T. Fokkens, "Machine Learning Voice Synthesis for Intention Electromagnetic Interference Injection in Smart Speaker Devices" 673-677, 2021

      8 Sugawara, T, "Light Commands:{Laser-Based} Audio Injection Attacks on {Voice-Controllable} Systems" 2631-2648, 2020

      9 "Kakao mini hexa"

      10 Roy, Nirupam, "Inaudible Voice Commands: The {Long-Range} Attack and Defense" 547-560, 2018

      11 S. Debnath, "IEEE 9th International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Control(ISCO), pp" 1-7, 2015

      12 "Google Home"

      13 "GalaxyHome"

      14 S. Godwin, "Future Security of Smart Speaker and IoT Smart Home Devices" 1-6, 2019

      15 Zhang, Guoming, "Dolphinattack : Inaudible voice commands" 103-117, 2017

      16 Sakamoto, M., "Average thresholds in the 8 to 20 kHz range as a function of age" 27 (27): 189-192, 1998

      17 "Amazon Alexa"

      18 H. Chung, "Alexa, Can I Trust You?" 50 (50): 100-104, 2017

      19 Z. Wu, "A study on replay attack and anti-spoofing for text-dependent speaker verification" 1-5, 2014

      20 R. N. Dean, "A Characterization of the Performance of a MEMS Gyroscope in Acoustically Harsh Environments" 58 (58): 2591-2596, 2011

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      학술지 이력

      학술지 이력
      연월일 이력구분 이력상세 등재구분
      2027 평가예정 재인증평가 신청대상 (재인증)
      2021-01-01 평가 등재학술지 유지 (재인증) KCI등재
      2018-01-01 평가 등재학술지 유지 (등재유지) KCI등재
      2015-01-01 평가 등재학술지 유지 (등재유지) KCI등재
      2013-11-05 학술지명변경 외국어명 : Journal of Korean Society for Internet Information -> Journal of Internet Computing and Services KCI등재
      2011-01-01 평가 등재학술지 유지 (등재유지) KCI등재
      2009-01-01 평가 등재학술지 유지 (등재유지) KCI등재
      2006-01-01 평가 등재학술지 선정 (등재후보2차) KCI등재
      2005-01-01 평가 등재후보 1차 PASS (등재후보1차) KCI등재후보
      2003-01-01 평가 등재후보학술지 선정 (신규평가) KCI등재후보
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      학술지 인용정보

      학술지 인용정보
      기준연도 WOS-KCI 통합IF(2년) KCIF(2년) KCIF(3년)
      2016 0.55 0.55 0.63
      KCIF(4년) KCIF(5년) 중심성지수(3년) 즉시성지수
      0.64 0.6 0.85 0.03
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