1 Wang Mingke, "Youmuzhe de zejue : Miandui Han diguode beiya youmu buzu" Guanxi shida chubanshe 2008
2 Wang Xiaofu, "Tang Tubo Dashi Zhengzhi guanxishi" Beijing daxue chubanshe 1992
3 Henry Serruys, "Sino-Mongol relations during the Ming II:The Tribute System and Diplomatic Missions" Institut belge des hautes études chinoises 1967
4 Henry Serruys, "Sino-Mongol relations during the Ming III : Trade Relations, the Horse Fairs : 1400-1600" Institut belge des hautes études chinoises 1975
5 Xiao Qiqing, "Shihuo yuekan 1:12; Yuandaishi xintan 303-322" Xinwenfeng chubangongsi 1983
6 Thomas Barfield, "Perilous Frontier: Nomadic Empires and China" B. Blackwell 1989
7 Reuven Amitai, "Mongols, Turks, and Others:Eurasian Nomads and the Sedentary World" Brill 2005
8 Owen Lattimore, "Inner Asian Frontier of China" American Geographical Society 1940
9 Zhaqi siqin, "Beiya youmu misu yu zhongyuan nongye minzu zhijiande heping zhanzheng yu maoyi zhi guanxi" Zhongzheng shuju 48-, 1973
1 Wang Mingke, "Youmuzhe de zejue : Miandui Han diguode beiya youmu buzu" Guanxi shida chubanshe 2008
2 Wang Xiaofu, "Tang Tubo Dashi Zhengzhi guanxishi" Beijing daxue chubanshe 1992
3 Henry Serruys, "Sino-Mongol relations during the Ming II:The Tribute System and Diplomatic Missions" Institut belge des hautes études chinoises 1967
4 Henry Serruys, "Sino-Mongol relations during the Ming III : Trade Relations, the Horse Fairs : 1400-1600" Institut belge des hautes études chinoises 1975
5 Xiao Qiqing, "Shihuo yuekan 1:12; Yuandaishi xintan 303-322" Xinwenfeng chubangongsi 1983
6 Thomas Barfield, "Perilous Frontier: Nomadic Empires and China" B. Blackwell 1989
7 Reuven Amitai, "Mongols, Turks, and Others:Eurasian Nomads and the Sedentary World" Brill 2005
8 Owen Lattimore, "Inner Asian Frontier of China" American Geographical Society 1940
9 Zhaqi siqin, "Beiya youmu misu yu zhongyuan nongye minzu zhijiande heping zhanzheng yu maoyi zhi guanxi" Zhongzheng shuju 48-, 1973