동궐도(東闕圖)를 통해 본 창덕궁(昌悳宮)외부공간 변화에 관한 연구 = A Study on changes in the External Spaces of the Changdeok Palace Vased on Donggwol do

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The present study purposed to examine changes in the external spaces of the Changdeok Palace (昌德宮) by age, concentrating on its landscape, and based on the findings to suggest a plan to restore the spaces as much as possible today.
This study analyzed literatures such as the Records of the Chosun Dynasty (朝鮮瓦朝實錄), the Records of Palaces (宮闕志) and Ritual Books (儀軌), and investigated old map Donggwol-do to trace changes in the external spaces of the Changdeok Palace by age.
The results of this study are as follows.
1. Spaces in Donggwol-do can be divided into four sections - Oejo (外朝), Chijo (治朝), Yeonjo (燕朝) and rear garden (後園) - according to the unique layout of the Changdeok Palace having three axes. Oejo includes areas around the Donhwa Gate (敦化門), the Geumcheon Bridge (錦川橋) and the Injeong Gate (仁政門), Chijo includes areas around official halls such as the Injeong Hall (仁政殿) and the Seonjeong Hall (宣政殿), and Yeonjo includes areas around the living spaces of the king and the royal families such as the Daejo Hall (大造殿), the Hijeong House (熙政堂) and the Palace of the Crown Prince (東宮).
2. The history of the Changdeok Palace can be divided into five periods. Period 1 is before being destroyed by fire in the Japanese invasion of Korea in 1592, and Period 2 is when all buildings in the palace was burnt in the war with Japan. Period 3 is the 19th century when Donggwol-do was drawn and when the details of the palace are known today. Period 4 is the early 20th century, during which the palace suffered a lot of destructions and changes by external powers as entering into the period of Japanese imperialism. Lastly, Period 5 is from 1970 to 2002, during which the Bureau of Cultural Properties was launched and full-scale preservation and restoration were performed.
3. The vegetation of the hill rear the Royal Carriage Shed (御車庫) changed from pine trees to deciduous broadleaf trees. In Donggwol-do, the hill rear the Royal Carriage Shed was covered with a thick pine forest. It seems that the vegetation has been transformed into a forest of deciduous broadleaf trees over time.
4. Gardens and yards at the back of the buildings in the section of Yeonjo are scattered with various oddly shaped stones, dwarf trees, stuffed animals and scientific instruments but most of these old landscape structures disappeared today.
5. The Changdeok Palace sometimes placed here and there quickset screens and folding screens to divide spaces or protect privacy but they all disappeared today.
6. The rectangular pond on the east of the Yeonghwa House and another one on the east of the Bulro Gate (不老門), which were seen in the early 20th century, also disappeared. These ponds are found in Donggwol-do, which is assumed to have been drawn in 1891 or later, so they are believed to have been filled up between the late 19th century and the early 20th century. There is no material about the exact time and cause of the disappearance of the ponds.
7. The Banwol Pond (半月池) composed of two rectangular pond and round pond in Donggwol-do was changed into the reversed shape of the Korean Peninsula in the early 20th century and its name was also changed to Bando Pond (半島池). There is a rumor that Japan transformed the shape to suppress the national spirit of the Koreans but it is not certain whether or not the rumor is true.
8. The Daebo Altar (大報壇) appearing in Donggwol-do and Donggwol Diagram disappeared in the 20th century. The Daebo Altar was found in King Sukjong to offer sacrifices to the Emperor of the Ming Dynasty, so was regarded as sacred. Today the site of the altar is thick with trees. The exact time and cause of the disappearance of the Daebo Altar are also unknown.
9. The vegetation in the Rear Garden of the Changdeok Palace (昌德宮 後園) changed from a pine tree forest to a deciduous broadleaf one. According to Donggwol-do, pine trees were dominant in all areas including the rear garden but the vegetation seems to have changed throughout many years.
As stated above about changes in the external spaces of the Changdeok Palace(昌德宮), there were many changes in the spaces throughout the period of Japanese imperialism. This study did not deal in detail with changes in the vegetation of the Changdeok Palace. This will be a task for future research.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목차
• Ⅰ. 서론 = 1
• 1-1. 연구 배경 및 목적 = 1
• 1-2. 연구사 = 3
• 1-3. 연구 방법 = 6
• 1-4. 연구 대상과 범위 = 8
• Ⅱ. 궁원에 관한 역사적 고찰 = 9
• 2-1. 고대의 궁원 = 9
• 2-2. 중세시대의 궁원 = 14
• 2-3. 조선시대의 궁원 = 15
• Ⅲ. 동궐도와 동궐도형 = 17
• 3-1. 동궐도 = 17
• 3-1-1. 동궐도의 제작연대 = 19
• 3-1-2. 동궐도의 표현방법 = 24
• 3-2. 동궐도형 = 26
• Ⅳ. 동궐도의 영영별 외부공간 특성 = 28
• 4-1. 동궐도의 배치와 영역구분 = 28
• 4-2. 외조(外祖) = 30
• 4-3. 치조(治朝) = 32
• 4-4. 연조(燕朝) = 33
• 4-5. 후원(後園) = 35
• Ⅴ. 창덕궁 외부공간의 시대별 변화 = 38
• 5-1. 시대구분 = 38
• 5-2. 임진왜란 이전의 창덕궁 외부공간 = 42
• 5-2-1. 창건기 창덕궁 = 42
• 5-2-2. 15~16세기 창덕궁 = 44
• 5-3. 임진왜란 이후의 창덕궁 외부공간 = 49
• 5-4. 19세기 창덕궁 = 54
• 5-5. 20세기 초 창덕궁 = 59
• 5-6. 1970~2002년의 창덕궁 = 62
• Ⅵ. 종합분석 = 67
• 6-1. 창덕궁 외부공간의 시대별 변화 분석 = 67
• 6-2. 동궐도와 현재 창덕궁의 비교 분석 = 71
• Ⅶ. 결론 및 제언 = 75
• 참고문헌 = 79