In this study, two different electrochemical catalysts were comprehensively studied for their feasibility as self-humidifying catalyst in proton exchange membrane fuel cell: that is, dual catalyst electrode comprising Pt-deposited hollow-structured me...
In this study, two different electrochemical catalysts were comprehensively studied for their feasibility as self-humidifying catalyst in proton exchange membrane fuel cell: that is, dual catalyst electrode comprising Pt-deposited hollow-structured metal oxides and Pt-C, and Pt-deposited 3-D structured reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT). In the first part of this study, Pt-HZrO2 with the shell thickness of 27 nm was synthesized. Pt-HZrO2 exhibited the significant enhancement in water retention ability and BET surface area. Dual catalyst electrode (DCE) comprising Pt-HZrO2 and Pt-C was applied to both anode and cathode or anode only. The visual cell test suggests that Pt-HZrO2 dual layer absorbs the water molecules produced at cathode. Higher flow rate of O2 to the cathode seems to help the prevention of water flooding expelling the water molecules, finally leading to the enhancement of the cell performance. In case of the second type of dual catalyst electrode fabricated with Pt-HTiO2/Pt-C at anode and Pt-C at cathode, the effect of pH on the agglomeration of SiO2 template nanoparticles and the size of TiO2 deposited on the external surface of SiO2 nanoparticles was investigated. The pH adopted in this study was acidic, neutral and alkali conditions such as pH 5.0, 7.0 and 9.0. At acidic and neutral condition, the repulsive forces between negatively charged silica particles led to the significant agglomeration due to the offset by protons. On the other hand, the hydrolysis and condensation during the sol-gel process, it was accelerated under alkali condition, enhancing the nucleation and thus resulting in the formation of a number of smaller particles. As a consequence, the hollow structured HTiO2 comprising small particles exhibits higher BET surface area, water uptake and ECSA. These higher physical and electrochemical properties enhanced water retention ability and thus cell performance under zero humidity in PEMFC.
In the second part of this study, the 3-D structured Pt-rGO/MWCNT was prepared by inserting MWCNT as a spacer into Pt-rGO to prevent the restacking of Pt-rGO due to van der Waals force. In order to improve the deposit of Pt nanoparticles on MWCNT, cationic polyethyleneimine (PEI) was functionalized on the surface of MWCNT (PMWCNT). Then, different mass ratio of rGO and MWCNT was mixed to form 3-D structured supporting material followed by the deposit of Pt nanoparticles onto it. The insertion of PMWCNT between rGO sheets increased the surface area where 1 to 1 mass ratio of rGO and PMWCNT exhibited the highest surface area and best cell performance.