단세포성 해양남세균 종주를 이용한 광생물학적 수소생산 기술 = Current Status of Photobiological Hydrogen Production Technology Using Unicellular Marine Cyanobacterial Strains

국문 초록 (Abstract)

광생물학적 수소생산 잠재력을 가진 다양한 미소생물 가운데, 남세균은 21세기의 수소경제 시대에 적합한 생물군으로 오랫동안 알려져 왔다. 광생물학적으로 수소에너지를 생산하게 될 경우, 해양 단세포성 질소고정 남세균은 남세균류의 하부 분류군들 가운데 가장이상적인 종류의 하나로 평가되고 있다. 단세포성 질소고정 남세균을 이용한 수소생산 기술을 개발하기 위해 반드시 고려해야 할 3가지 사항은 1) 자연계에 존재하는 최우수 수소생산 종주의 확립 2) 광생물학적 수소생산을 뒷받침하는 종주-특이적 최적조건의 탐색 3) 유전학적 방법을 이용한 수소생산 종주의 개량 등이다. 본고에서는 광생물학적 수소생산기술의 상업화를 향한 최근의 연구 개발 추세를 돌아보고, 해양 단세포성 남세균 종주를 이용한 광생물학적 수소생산 기술 분야에서 한국의 세계선도적 지위 확보를 위해서는 향후 10-15년간 집중적인 연구 개발이 절실함을 제안하고자 한다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Among various microscopic organisms producing photobiological hydrogen, cyanobacteria have long been recognized as the promising biological agents for hydrogen economy in 21 century. For photobiological production of hydrogen energy, marine unicellular $N_2$-fixing cyanobacteria have been evaluated as an ideal subgroup of Cyanophyceae. To develope the hydrogen production technology using unicellular $N_2$-fixing cyanobacteria, 3 important factors are pre-requisite: 1) isolation of the best strain from marine natural environment, 2) exploration on the strain-specific optimal conditions for the photobiological hydrogen production, and finally 3) application of the molecular genetic tools to improve the natural ability of the strain to produce hydrogen. Here we reviewed the recent research & development to commercialize photobiological hydrogen production technology, and suggest that intensive R&D during next 10-15 years should be imperative for the future Korean initiatives in the field of the photobiological hydrogen production technology using photosynthetic marine unicellular cyanobacterial strains.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 김재만, "한국 연안산 질소고정 남세균 종주들의 세포주기 동조화와 광생물학적 수소생산능력" 군산대학교 대학원 2008

2 박종우, "한국 연안산 남세균 종주들의 광생물학적 수소생산능력" 군산대학교 대학원 2007

3 윤순진, "지속가능한발전과2 1세기에너지정책:에너지체제 전환의 필요성과 에너지정책의 바람직한 전환방향" 한국행정학회 36 (36): 147-166, 2002

4 김미선, "생물학적인 방법에 의한 수소생산" 수소에너지 사업단 (10) : 1-14, 2005

5 박종우, "국내 연안산 남세균 종주의 수소생산능 최적화: 1. 최적 수소생산을 위한 적정세포 농도" 한국해양과학기술협의회 198-, 2008

6 Mitsui, A., "Utilization of marine blue-green algae and macroalgae in warm water mariculture" 23 : 215-225, 1981

7 Gao, K, "Use of macroalgae for marine biomass production and CO2 remediation: a review" 6 : 45-60, 1994

8 Chen, M, "Unique origin and lateral transfer of prokaryotic chlorophyll-b and chlorophyll-d light-harvesting systems" 22 (22): 21-28, 2005

9 Shah, V., "Ultrastructure of the water cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis SPU 003 and its application for oxygen-free hydrogen production" 194 : 71-75, 2001

10 Lopez, M.S., "Transcriptional and translational regulation of nitrogenase in light-dark- and continuous- light-grown cultures of the unicellular cyanobacterium Cyanothece sp. strain ATCC 51142" 179 (179): 4319-4327, 1142

11 Hansel, L.A., "Towards optimization of cyanobacteria as biotechnologically relevant producers of molecular hydrogen, a clean and renewable energy soruce" 50 : 153-160, 1998

12 Mitsui,A., "The utilization of solar energy for hydrogen production by cell free system of photosynthetic organisms.In:Hydrogen energy; Proceedings of the Hydrogen Economy Miami Energy Conference,Miami Beach,Fla.,March 18-20,Part A.(A75-44751 22-44)New York,Plenum Press,pp.309−316" Plenum Press 309-316, 1975

13 Gallon, J.R, "The oxygen sensitivity of nitrogenase: a problem for biochemists and micro-organisms" 6 : 19-23, 1981

14 Winter,C.J.,2004.The hydrogen energy economy:an address to the world economic forum, "The hydrogen energy economy: an address to the world economic forum 2004" 29 : 1095-1097, 2004

15 Iwazaki, H., "The current state and problems of cir cadian clock studies in cyanobacteria" 41 (41): 1013-1020, 2000

16 Lichtl, R.R, "The biotechnology of hydrogen production by Nostoc flagelliforme grown under chemostat conditions" 47 : 701-707, 2005

17 Park, J.W., "Synchronization of a cultured marine unicellular N2-fixing cyanobacterium, Cyanothece sp. KNU CB-MAL031" The Yellow Sea 2009

18 Mitsui, A., "Strategy by which nitrogen-fixing unicellular cyanobacteria grow photoautotrophically" 323 (323): 720-722, 1986

19 Greenbaum, E, "Solar photobiochemistry: simultaneous photoproduction of hydrogen and oxygen in a confined bioreactor" 105 : 3605-3609, 2001

20 Chin, W.C, "Secretion in unicellular Marine phytoplankton: demonstration of regulated exocytosis in Phaeocystis globosa" 45 (45): 535-542, 2004

21 Park, W., "Removal of headspace CO2 increases biological hydrogen production" 39 : 4416-4420, 2005

22 Kumazawa,S., "Photoproduction of hydrogen by the marine heterocystous cyanobacterium Anabaena species TU37-1 under a nitrogen atmosphere" 5 : 222-226, 2003

23 Park, J.W, "Photobiological hydrogen production by Korean strains of unicellular nitrogen-fixing marine cyanobacteria" 50-, 2007

24 Asada Y., "Photobiological hydrogen production" 88 (88): 1-6, 1999

25 Sode, K, "On-line monitoring of marine cyanobacterial cultivation based on phycocyanin fluorescence" 21 : 209-218, 1991

26 Mitsui, A., "Nitrogen fixation by synchronously grown unicellular aerobic nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria. In: Methods in enzymology" Academic Press 484-490, 1988

27 Wyatt, J.T, "Nitrogen fixation by Gloeocapsa" 165 : 908-909, 1969

28 Turner, S, "Molecular phylogeny of nitrogen-fixing unicellular cyanobacteria" 42 : 181-186, 2001

29 Ghirardi, M.L, "Microalgae: a green source of renewable H2" 18 (18): 506-511, 2000

30 Borodin, V.B, "Manifestation of behavioural and physiological functions of Synechococcus sp. Miami BG 043511 in a photobioreator" 140 : 455-463, 2002

31 Mitsui,A., "Long range concepts; applications of photosynthetic hydrogen production and nitrogen fixation research" 653-673, 1976

32 Sakurai, H., "Improvement of nitrogenase-based photobiological hydrogen production by cyanobacteria by gene engineering - hydrogenases and homocitrate synthase. In: Photosynthesis" Springer 1277-1280, 2008

33 Benemann,J.R., "Hydrogen production by microalgae" 12 : 291-300, 2000

34 Dutta, D, "Hydrogen production by cyanobacteria" 4 : 36-, 2005

35 Das, D., "Hydrogen production by biological process: a survey of literature" 26 : 13-28, 2001

36 Yih W, H. Takeyama, "Hydrogen photoproduction by the synchronously growth marine unicellular cyanobacterium Synechoccoccus sp. Miami BG 043511 under extremely high oxygen concentration" 31 (31): 18-22, 1996

37 Mitsui,A., "Hydrogen photoproduction by marine cyanobacteria for alternating the carbon energy sources" 2 : 710-723, 1992

38 Almon, H., "Hydrogen metabolism of the unicellular cyanobacterium Chroococcidiopsis thermalis ATCC29380" 49 : 445-449, 9380

39 Homann,P.H., "Hydrogen metabolism of green algae: discovery and early research - a tribute to Hans Gaffron and his coworkers" 76 : 93-103, 2003

40 Wunschiers, R, "Hydrogen in education - a biological approach" 27 : 1131-1140, 2002

41 Gaffron, H., "Fermentative and photochemical production of hydrogen in algae" 26 : 219-240, 1942

42 Yoon, J.H, "Evaluation of conversion efficiency of light to hydrogen energy by Anabaena variabilis" 31 : 721-727, 2006

43 Evans, B.R., "Enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution by covalent attachment of plastocyanin to photosystem I" 4 (4): 1815-1819, 2004

44 Kumazawa, S., "Efficient hydrogen photoproduction by synchronously grown cells of a marine cyanobacterium, Synechococcus sp. Miami BG 043511, under high cell density conditions" 44 : 854-858, 1994

45 Berberoglu, H, "Effect of nutrient media on photobiological hydrogen production by Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413" 33 : 1172-1184, 9413

46 Luo, Y.H., "Effect of exogenous substrates on hydrogen photoproduction by a marine cyanobacterium, Synechococcus sp. Miami BG043511" Biohydrogen 219-226, 1998

47 Tamagnini, P., "Diversity of cyanobacterial hydrogenases, a molecular approach" 40 : 356-361, 2000

48 Masukawa, H., "Disruption of the uptake hydrogenase gene, but not of the bidirectional hydrogenase gene, leads to enhanced photobiological hydrogen production by the nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120" 58 : 618-624, 7120

49 Leon, C., "Cyclic appearance of aerobic nitrogenasw activity during synchronous growth of unicellular cyanobacteria" 13 : 149-153, 1986

50 Madamwar, D., "Cyanobacterial hydrogen production" 16 : 757-767, 2000

51 Golden, S.S, "Cyanobacterial circadian rhythms. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol" 48 : 327-354, 1997

52 Schuts, K, "Cyanobacterial H2 production-a comparative analysis" 218 : 350-359, 2004

53 Kim, M.S, "Comparison of H2 accumulation by Rhodobacter sphaeroides KD131 and its uptake hydrogenase and PHB synthase deficient mutant" 31 : 121-127, 2006

54 Johnson, C.H, "Circadian programs in cyanobacteria: Adaptiveness and mechanism" 53 : 389-409, 1999

55 Kumazawa, S., "Characterization and optimization of hydrogen photoproduction by a saltwater blue-green alga, Oscillatoria sp. Miami BG7. I. Enhancement through limiting the supply of nitrogen nutrients" 6 : 339-348, 1981

56 Miyake, J, "Biotechnological hydrogen production: research for efficient light energy conversion" 70 : 89-101, 1999

57 Hallenberck, P.C, "Biological hydrogen production; fundamentals and limiting process" 27 : 1185-1193, 2002

58 Logan., B.E, "Biological hydrogen production measured in batch anaerobic respirometers" 36 : 2530-2535, 2002

59 Szacilowski, K, "Bioinorganic photochemistry: frontiers and mechanisms" 105 : 2647-2694, 2005

60 Levin, D.V., "Biohydrogen production : prospects and limitations to practical application" 29 : 173-185, 2004

61 Venjak-Novakovic, G, "Air-lift bioreators for algae growth on flue gas: mathematical modeling and pilot-plant studies" 44 : 6154-6153, 2005

62 Herzog, A., "A hydrogen future? An economic and environmental assessment of hydrogen production pathways"