경쟁정책에서 경제적 자유와 효율성 간의 상충관계 = Competition Policy between Economic Freedom and Efficiency

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The more economic approach was implemented in the EU competition policy. Yet, the debate whether the normative foundations of competition law are vital has received new fuel. On the one hand, these normative foundations were derived from welfare economics which emphasize economic efficiency as the ultimate goal of competition law. On the other hand, the order-economic approaches, based on the Freiburg School, focus economic freedom. The paper examines pros and cons of each concept and discusses the perspectives of an approach favoring the order-economic concept. Market dominance serves as an example to show that the more economic approach does not at all grant better results in competition policy. Neither consumer welfare nor static-allocative standards are sufficient criteria for competition law.
Hoppmann developed the analytical framework of the model of freedom of competition contrary to the Kantzenbach’s model of optimal intensity of competition and American models of workable competition. He emphasized that competition policy should be suited to secure construction of the form of market process which provides environment of freedom of competition both for consumers and producers in the market. Especially he maintained that competition policy needs to be oriented toward eliminating effectively all behaviors which limit freedom of competition. He pointed that discretion and interference of the competition authorities should be maintained possibly at low level. In this respect he argued that the main duty and continuing issue of a nation should be to protect competition from all behaviors which constrain market competition.
‘More economic approach’considers competition as means to the goal of enhancement of comsumer welfare and assurance of productive and redistributive efficiency. According to this approach, behaviors which restrict competition could be permitted when their negative welfare effects could be compensated more by their positive efficiency effects. This reflects that recently competition policy is in a transition from per se illegality rule toward rule of reason.
However the order economic approach is still often mentioned as a critical viewpoint to the recent trend of rationality principle in the competition policy. This shows that the order economic approach , in spite of some theoretical flaws and practical problems when applied real world competition policies, is being reevaluated as the model which could be a basis for future rational competition policies theoretically and practically.

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